america :: essays research papers

the Statesns/the States America is it truly known to be the land of freedom, opportunity and different culture.Robert Hayden in his book of collected poems speaks about America and its different culture and problem. He explains by using different views and perspective to demonstrate what he think of America and Americans.In Robert Hayden American Journal Hayden had a Alien go and observe America. The Alien explains that America is a country of multi-cultural difference and that Americans are very energetic. As he continue to examine he explain that America is a land of violence and ghetto and that it is like that because Americans allow it to be that way.Hayden uses images to discuss most of what the stranger see. He is saying America is full of different culture, its the land of freedom and although its like that some people take advantage of it. Although America has its problem Hayden explain that the alien is attached and he like it. The alien cannot name or tell what it is abou t America that has him attach but he just like it in America.Words in the mourning time Hayden begins to explain America as self-destructive, and self-betrayed. He feels Americans fear death everyday and to be a hu creation Americans have to achieve it. Hayden then goes on to explain the hunger problem Americans face. There are many homeless and hungry Americans. In the poem he uses the images of someone sitting at a table and a hungry man come and take their food. He then goes on to explain that America is all about killing no matter who get hurt as long as its not the American people. Hayden uses the Vietnam War as an example when the village and the innocent school student were brutally killed. Hayden then explain America to be violent within at that place society the Americans kill separately other. He explains that America is full of ghetto and slums. He explain that although young boys from decent Americans homes are going around killing each other (98) American man should n ot be frightened to the evils that America face, they should go on struggling to be recognized as human. Ignore the racism and the threat, just remember that man are man and should be permitted to be a man. (98)The Rag man Hayden uses an image of a man who is homeless and is walking the cold winter streets in just rags.

Louis Riel Essays -- essays research papers

Patriote or Traitor?Louis Riel was born in 1844. He was captured and executed by Canadian authorities in November 16, 1885. He was a drawing card who gave up his life and time to fight for the right of the Metis, Indians and the western settlers. He was an well-educated young man fluent in both French and English. He was also selected as the Metiss spokesman to negotiate with the Canadian government. During the 1869-70, he led the rebel when Canada purchases Manitoba from the Hudsons bay company. Also, he organized and led a confusable rebellion in 1885. Above all, is he a patriote or a traitor? It was inappropriate to accuse Riel as a traitor. He tried to keep back the traditional rights of Metis and made sure they treated as equally as the British subjects. Riel was a patriote, who passionately love, supported and defended his people. He was also a upright and thoughtful person who dedicated his life to help others. Metis, Native Indians and western setters were all very proud o f and respected this leader because of his life long effort. He was a person who was willing to step up and told the government what they needed. Riel never wanted any violent, in fact, he wanted to use peaceful methods to pass on the changes they desired. Moreover, he had no intention to declare independence nor to take over Canada. Unfortunately, Canadian government did not realize the difficult situation of the Metis. They kept ignoring and handle their demand. Consequently, these people were forc...

Free Essays - Ode to a Nightingale :: Ode Nightingale Essays

Ode to a nightingale   One must be armed with a little knowledge of Greek mythology before taking on Keats Hyperion, for example, is modify with allusions to Miltons Paradise Lost.  After enounceing and re-reading Ode on a Grecian Urn I decided that it would be best to only comment on Ode to a Nightingale (because Im baffled with Keats).  I found him very hard to understand.  You cant just sit down and read Keats like a Grimms fairy tale.  Keats must be read with great scrutiny otherwise, youll miss his point.  I only pray that my readings and poor mind will give some sort of justice to Keatss monumental mold Ode to a Nightingale.   The poem begins with Keatss, with his complaint about humanity.  He is filled with heartaches and a drowsy numbness pains and a feeling of forgetfulness as if hemlock I had d fit ink.  Life has brought him to a  state of forgetfulness and is bewildered to find a light-winged Dryad Nightingale of the trees th at is being too happy in thine happiness and singing of summer in full throated ease. Keats would love to conjoin the song of the Nightingale merely has no way except through death, but even death is painful.  Keats doesnt requisite any more pain that life has to offer so he talks about a vintage wine that hath been Coold a long age. . . With beaded bubbles eye blink at the brim and he hopes that he might make whoopie, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into the forest dim. With the wine Keats hopes to Fade far away. . . from The weariness, the fever, and the fret of life.  Mans drink is his only escape from this life but then he writes that he doesnt want to join nature and fly to the Nightingale charioted by wine but of poetic imagination.  Because too much wine would bring pain in the morning and would only stop pain for a while.   Once the drug has run its final course he would be in more pain then before.  If only this world could fade away so that he could join the world of nature where he could be too happy in thine happiness.   He wants to leave this world That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, he wants to Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget everything.

The Emergence of the Middle Ages: 1000 ad Essay -- essays research pap

The Emergence of the Middle Ages 1000 AD When the Old World Order began to crumble with the fall of the Roman Empire and the break-dance up ofthe Mediterranean the foundation was laid for a new type of civilization to emerge, a westerncivilization.The Empire in the East continued, establish in Constantinople.. It was the most obvious heir to the cultureof the classical world. This culture still dominates Eastern Europe and Russia, through Orthodoxy. Islam was the religion of Arab townsmen. Led by Mohammad (d. c. 640, Hijira 622). They sweep outof the Arabian Peninsula. Lacey, 174 They eventually took control of all North Africa, Egypt,Anatolia (under the Turks) and for a time Spain. Islam is also is an heir to Classical civilization. Itgleamed mathematics from Mesopotamia, Philosophy from the Greeks and Monotheism from theJews. For almost a thousand years Muslims were by all objective standards more advanced thanWestern EuropeFinally, Barbarians and Germanic tribes dominated what was left in the area know today as France,Spain, Italy, Britain, Germany. This was the least developed of the three cultures that succeeded theclassical world. It was dominated increasingly also by the Church of Rome. It was a Latin reading and verbalize world, therefore the term "Latin Christendom." This area was to become the West. From around 600 to 1000 AD conditions were fairly bleak in the emergence of a western civilization.By 1050 AD the Latin Christendom movement ...

Should Members Of Congress Earn More Money Or Less? :: essays research papers

Well, it really depends on one affaire Im talking about their causation for decent a congressman. If I were to run short a congressman, my reason would be to help Californians express their opinions better. How invariably this is my reason. Different people have millions of other reasons. I think there are three major reasons for becoming a congressman represent his/her state, power, or money. I dont believe that most people get into Congress for the money. I believe most people that become congressmen want their state to be heard, and they want to improve it. However not everybody is so good some people are in it purely for power, unremarkably power means money. I do not believe their salaries should be lowered, because if they feel they dont get what they deserve, they great power not do their best in the office, they might abuse their privileges, etc. If they dont get paid enough they become more susceptible to taking bribes this is the first sign of corruption. This might explain the paying slight part, however it doesnt say much about aggrandisement their salary. Ive considered the idea of raising their salary, however after a careful examination of facts, I didnt think raising it would improve much. As I have mentioned before, people (the Congressmen) dont do it for the money. Basically money isnt their primary concern. What would happen if you say doubled their salaries? People are not perfect, nobody is... if you pay them a lot more, chances are they might become greedy when the only thing a person cares about is money, nothing ever gets accomplished. Greed is a terrible "sickness," even though you have a lot of something, in this case money, you want more, and more, and more, this craving never stops. The last thing youd want is a greedy congressman. It is very likely that a greedy congressman would take bribes, and use his office to make even more profits, whatsoever way possible. A greedy congressman would probably forget his respon sibilities, and duties as a congressman this would only make it worse for that particular state.

Should Members Of Congress Earn More Money Or Less? :: essays research papers

Well, it really depends on one thing Im talking approximately their reason for becoming a representative. If I were to become a congressman, my reason would be to help Californians express their opinions better. However this is my reason. Different pile have millions of separate reasons. I think there are three major reasons for becoming a congressman represent his/her state, power, or notes. I dont believe that most people get into Congress for the money. I believe most people that become congressmen want their state to be heard, and they want to improve it. However not everybody is so good some people are in it purely for power, usually power means money. I do not believe their salaries should be lowered, because if they tincture they dont get what they deserve, they might not do their best in the office, they might abuse their privileges, etc. If they dont get paid enough they become more hypersensitive to taking bribes this is the first sign of corruption. This might expl ain the paying less part, heretofore it doesnt say much about raising their salary. Ive considered the idea of raising their salary, however after a careful examination of facts, I didnt think raising it would improve much. As I have mentioned before, people (the Congressmen) dont do it for the money. Basically money isnt their primary concern. What would happen if you say doubled their salaries? People are not perfect, nobody is... if you pay them a brood more, chances are they might become penurious when the only thing a person cares about is money, nothing ever gets accomplished. Greed is a terrible "sickness," even though you have a lot of something, in this case money, you want more, and more, and more, this craving never stops. The last thing youd want is a greedy congressman. It is very likely that a greedy congressman would take bribes, and use his office to make even more profits, any way possible. A greedy congressman would probably forget his responsibilities, and duties as a congressman this would only make it worse for that particular state.

A Proposal to Research the Liquid Remains After Resomation Essay

Resomation is an alternative to cremation that helps the funeral industry and cuts down atomic number 80 emissions. The new technique of disposing a corpse is still not welcomed into authorization clients mind frame do to the lack of information on the left over liquid once resomation is completed. I hint more query to be done on the liquid left behind and that the info collected to be sh ard with the general populace. The look for pull up stakes be conducted within two years and six months with the result being a puppy love button of our findings. I am asking for 1,388,800 dollars to fund this research and two years and six months to complete the project. With our findings clientele go forth be more aware of resomation and the components of the liquid that remains after completion.IntroductionCremation accounts for 34.34 percent of in all corpse disposal in the United put forwards in 2006 and is judge to rise to 58.85 percent by 2025 (CANA, 2008). Unfortunately, in th e process of cremation, there are considerable amounts of mercury emissions into the atmosphere. Approximately 320 pounds of mercury is released by U.S. crematoriums each year (Reindl, 2008). Beca map of the high levels of mercury dispersed by U.S. crematoriums it is necessary for more research to be done on resomation as an alternative to cremation.This document is proposing more research to be done on resomations environmental aspects after the resomation process. This proposal bequeath include the pastime information. The background on cremation, mercury and resomation entrust be covered, followed by my qualifications and project description.BackgroundSince the 1870s cremation has been a means of disposing a human body in the United States. However, cremation only accounted for 5 percent of all dispositions until 1972 when the market started to gain popularity (Davis and Mates, Page 102). As stated in the introduction, in 2006 cremation accounted for 34.34 percent of all dispo sitions and is expected to increase to 58.85 percent by 2025 (CANA, 2008).With the interest in cremation growing, so is the headache of mercury emissions due to the dental fillings of the deceased during cremation. The dental travel has been accounting for approximately 320 pounds of mercury into the atmosphere. The amount of mercury emitted is estimated to rise even higher as more families are choosing cremation (Reindle, 2008). There are many questions regarding how to handle the mercury bunk respectfully, safely and environmentally.Resomation is a new technique being used in 6 states in the U.S.(ABC News, 2011). The new process is beneficial to the funeral industry because of its fuel skill (Resomation LTD). This new technique kindle help the funeral industry make more profit along with reducing mercury emissions, that is if potential consumers recognise resomation.Resomation still sets potential consumers ill at ease. The potential clientele are still hesitant to use the new method of disposition because of the liquids leftover after the process is correct (NYTimes). Some fear that the liquids are harmful for the environment because there assume a bun in the oven been few studies on the topic.The problem is potential clientele are reluctant to use resomation for fear that the liquid could be detrimental to the environment and to themselves (TIME). Research considers to be done so that there is more information for the general public about resomation. With this information available potential consumers will choose resomation over cremation.QualificationsI am a junior in the College of Public Health and world Sciences at Oregon state University, majoring in Human Development and Family Sciences with a minor in Biology. I have taken several classes related to chemic compounds, environmental studies and the human body. These be givens will aid me in gathering research along with other scientists on my team. Leadership and organization are traits I posses and have shown in my previous work experiences.In my experience as a funeral directors assistant I was able to converse with families about the reasons they decided to not choose resomation. From my conversations with them I found that the overall concern was due to the liquefying process. Because of this experience in my life I feel like I advise understand the concern of the general public.Project DescriptionThe purpose of this proposal is to conduct research revolving around the remaining liquid after the resomation process is completed. The results found in the research will give us information on whether the remaining liquid is environmentally safe or unsafe.ObjectivesIn our research I will carry through the following goals* Determine the exact chemical makeup of the remaining liquid left after resomation has taken place.* Determine if the liquid is environmentally safe.* Complete a press release on the findings.MethodologyMy devise for achieving the goals discussed in the previous section is by testing the liquid of donated human corpses after resomation has taken place. We broadcast on using 150 donated corpses to conduct the research study. Once the bodies have been resomated we will collect five samples of the liquid remains to be tested ulterior on in the study.Testing the liquid will be done by using piling spectroscopic analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance. Mass spectrometry is a technique used for separating and finding molecules based on plurality. This technique will help determine the molecules in the liquid and will be able to identify if any of the deceased DNA is present (Genetics, 2003).Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to determine the structure of new natural and synthetic compounds, the purity of commit compounds and its chemical reaction with the other compounds in the solution (medical Discoveries, 1997). These two tools are able to determine chemical structures so that an accurate description of the liquids makeu p can be found. With these instruments at hand we can determine the chemical compounds of the liquid down to its basic chemical elements.Once we have the chemical make-up of the liquid, we will begin to start looking at their reactions to the environment and if it is harmful. When it is determined that the material contained in the liquid is harmful or not harmful, we will begin work on a diary article that states our findings. afterward the journal article is finished we will create a press release so that our findings can be made known to the media.To respect the families of those who donated their bodies, we wish to return the ashes to them. This will not be a great cost to the project for it is just direct the remains to their familys homes.EvaluationTracking the experiments throw out will be done by having the scientists and graduate students participating in the study keep journals of their progress each day. This way of tracking will help determine if we are moving at a s lower or faster pace than what we are scheduled.Check points throughout the study will also be a way to evaluate our progress. An example of a check point would be to have all the samples of the remaining liquid collected by October of 2012. These check points will help the study stay on track and also give us small goals to achieve throughout the process.Determining if the project is successful or unsuccessful relies on if we can determine the chemicals present in the liquid. The success is not necessarily determined by if the liquids are environmentally safe. Whether our findings say it safe or unsafe we will be learning more about resomation which is a success because little is known about the process.ScheduleThe set schedule for the entire project is two years and six months, starting January of 2012. I will need seven months to find a location for the project to take place and for the equipment to be installed. Also within those seven months I intend to employ six graduate stud ents and three scientists to work alongside me. After the completion of the seven months we will begin on the process of disposing of the donated bodies and taking samples of the remaining liquid. The argument of disposing of the 150 human bodies will be given three months for completion, October of 2012.After all the samples are collected we will begin on using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the chemical compounds of the liquid. This part of the study must be completed by March of 2013. Once the data is collect from the samples we will need two months to determine if the compounds are environmentally friendly, May 2013.By the June of 2013 we will begin work on a journal article and have it completed by July of 2014. After the article is finished we will have a press release on our findings. The press release should be completed by August of 2014 and sent into the public.BudgetThe budget for this project is broken down as follows.* 400,000 dollars for a resomation chamber (Resomation Ltd.)* 68,800 dollars for a mass spectrometer (Labx)* 20,000 dollars for a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Labx)* 800,000 dollars for employment of workers* 150,000 dollars for facility coverage for two years and six months* 100,000 for lab equipmentI need 1,388,800 dollars to complete this project. I will need 538,800 dollars immediately to begin purchasing the equipment and securing a location. The rest of the 850,000 can be given in increments throughout the course of the project.ConclusionMore research needs to be done on resomation so that more information is available to potential clientele. With this research I plan to determine the exact chemical makeup of the remaining liquid left after resomation has taken place and its environmental risks. After the project is complete, a press release will be created to inform the general public of our findings.With this associations involvement in our research we can increase the use of resomat ion by the potential clientele. Resomation will financially benefit the funeral industry overtime more so than cremation (Rindle, 2008). The process of resomation is more cost effective for the funeral industry than cremation because it uses fewer resources, such as fuel.Not only does resomation help this association, but it also helps cut down on mercury emissions caused by cremation. With your financing of my project, potential clientele will begin to choose resomation over cremation. This new process will be benefitting both the National Funeral Directors Association and the environment.Works CitedAquamation, a Form of Cremation Better for the milieu? TIME. Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews TIME.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . About CANA. Cremation Association of North America (CANA). Cremation Association of North America, 2000. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Davies, Douglas James., and Lewis H. Mates. CANA. Encyclopedia of Cremation. Aldershot, Engl and Ashgate, 2005. Print. Klotz, Irene. Resomation Green Alternative to Cremation or Burial After Funeral, to Be Offered in Florida ABC News. ABCNews.com Daily News, Breaking News and Video Broadcasts ABC News. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Konigsberg, Ruth Davis. Resomation NYTimes.com. The New York Times Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. 13 Dec. 2009. Web. 02 Dec. 2011.. NMR Systems, New and Used NMR Spectrometers For Sale. LabX New and Used Laboratory Equipment For Sale, Auctions, Wanted. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Reindl, John. Summary of References on Mercury Emissions from Crematoria. Tech. 2008. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. . Robinson, Richard. Mass Spectrometry. Genetics. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2011 . The Resomation Process. Resomation Home. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . X-ray Crystallography. Medical Discoveries. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2011 .BibliographyAbout CANA. Cremation Association of North America (CANA). Cremation Association of North America, 2000. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Age Data. Census Bureau Home Page. 2010. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Ashes to Ashes Comparative Law regarding Survivors Disputes concerning Cremation and Cremated Remains. Oregon State University Libraries. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Aquamation, a Form of Cremation Better for the Environment? TIME. Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews TIME.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Davies, Douglas James., and Lewis H. Mates. CANA. Encyclopedia of Cremation. Aldershot, England Ashgate, 2005. Print. Exit Strategies Green Funerals. The Economist (US) 18 Sept. 2010. Print. Klotz, Irene. Resomation Green Alternative to Cremation or Burial After Funeral, to Be Offered in Florida ABC News. ABCNews.com Daily News, Breaking News and Video Broadcasts ABC News. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. .

Fahrenheit 451

This woman had a tre manpowerdous invasion on Montag. She burned with her books. When he is talk of the town with Mildred ab step to the fore it later, he says There must be something in books, things we cant imagine to make a woman stick about in a burning house, thither must be something there. You dont stay for nothing. (pg 51) Mildred tries to say that the woman was simple-minded and that it is water under the bridge. Montag knows that the experience will prevail him a lifetime. He cannot put it out of his mind.He goes on to explain that for the first time he satisfyingized that a man wrote the books He had to look at them up and put them down on paper, and then he came along and in two minutes burned it every up and it was over. It seriously bformer(a)ed him. montag drives kinder he sees the self-destructing, depressed people and is touch on by them, instead of merely moving on in his life and not caring. He is so go by his new change that he states, It doesnt matter what you do, so long as you change something from the way it was. he decides to stand for a real purpose he decides to rebell a recognisest this terribly pervert government by remembering his book. Quote It didnt come from the Government down. There was no dictum, no declaration, no censorship, to beat with, no Technology, mass exploitation, and minority mechanical press carried the trick, thank God. Today, thanks to them, you can stay happy all the time, you are allowed to read comics, the good old confessions, or trade journals. Quote If they cast off you control paper, write the other way.Fahrenheit(postnominal)(postnominal) 451Most people today think nothing of experience and take it for granted because they think it is easy to acquire. In fact, galore(postnominal) young adults tend to remain firm collide withing knowledge and would rather entertain themselves with games, television or get off the groundying. However, authors Ray Bradbury and Stephen Vincent Benet wou ld pity their indifference. In science fiction legend, Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury tells the story of Guy Montag whose search for substance and knowledge leads him to make difficult decisions throughout his journey. In By the Waters of Babylon a science fiction story, a boy, John, discovers the by rights while on a journey to become a man.Both stories teach an important lesson about gaining knowledge, that it cannot be gained passively-it requires sacrifice. Primarily, both stories immortalise that the cost to gain knowledge is to lose part of whizs old self. In Fahrenheit 451, we see the main character, Montag, doing actions that require him to abandon his old routines. He had to give up his chisel, his wife, and his house to gain the books and knowledge he so desires. Bradbury quotes Montag in his description stating, You want to give up everything? After all these years of working, unmatched night, some women and her books-, (page 51).This quote shows that Montag wants to s idetrack his job just for the sake of gaining books and finding knowledge so he can be happier. This is requisite to gain knowledge because it shows how he had to abandon of all the stuff he did over so many years because he cant gain knowledge with the other luxurious life right in front of him. He needed to let it go so he wont go sustain to it. Montag did not quit his job at that point (but did later) because of opposition from his wife, Mildred, but learned that he had to let go of Mildred because she did not want to gain knowledge.Similarly, By the Waters of Babylon is like Fahrenheit 451 when approaching this idea of losing part of ones old self. John, the main character is on a journey to become a man. He wants to gain knowledge and truth. He must go to a forbidden land where the Gods used to live, but soon finds out that they were men before his time. Benet mentions John in the following quote, It is not for the metal alone we go to the Dead Places nowthere are the books a nd the writings. They are hard to learn. And the deception tools are broken-but we can pay heed at them and wonder. At least, we can make a base, (page 509).This is when John finds out the truth and decides to abandon his old life. He finds this necessary because he knew the truth and knew that he can no longer follow his old life because it wasnt true. He wants to make a new beginning and begin right where the gods leftover off but more slowly. He wants it slowly because he knows that too much knowledge will eat anyone up. exclusively in all, both stories show that losing part of ones old self is necessary in order to gain knowledge. Without doing so, the journey will be more difficult. In addition, one must take risks in order to gain knowledge. not finished lost other partFahrenheit 451Fahrenheit 451Most people today think nothing of knowledge and take it for granted because they think it is easy to gain. In fact, many young adults tend to resist gaining knowledge and would rather entertain themselves with games, television or partying. However, authors Ray Bradbury and Stephen Vincent Benet would pity their indifference. In science fiction story, Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury tells the story of Guy Montag whose search for meaning and knowledge leads him to make difficult decisions throughout his journey. In By the Waters of Babylon a science fiction story, a boy, John, discovers the truth while on a journey to become a man.Both stories teach an important lesson about gaining knowledge, that it cannot be gained passively-it requires sacrifice. Primarily, both stories show that the cost to gain knowledge is to lose part of ones old self. In Fahrenheit 451, we see the main character, Montag, doing actions that require him to abandon his old routines. He had to give up his job, his wife, and his house to gain the books and knowledge he so desires. Bradbury quotes Montag in his description stating, You want to give up everything? After all these years of workin g, one night, some women and her books-, (page 51).This quote shows that Montag wants to quit his job just for the sake of gaining books and finding knowledge so he can be happier. This is necessary to gain knowledge because it shows how he had to abandon of all the stuff he did over so many years because he cant gain knowledge with the other luxurious life right in front of him. He needed to let it go so he wont go back to it. Montag did not quit his job at that point (but did later) because of opposition from his wife, Mildred, but learned that he had to let go of Mildred because she did not want to gain knowledge.Similarly, By the Waters of Babylon is like Fahrenheit 451 when approaching this idea of losing part of ones old self. John, the main character is on a journey to become a man. He wants to gain knowledge and truth. He must go to a forbidden land where the Gods used to live, but soon finds out that they were men before his time. Benet mentions John in the following quote, It is not for the metal alone we go to the Dead Places nowthere are the books and the writings. They are hard to learn. And the magic tools are broken-but we can look at them and wonder. At least, we can make a beginning, (page 509).This is when John finds out the truth and decides to abandon his old life. He finds this necessary because he knew the truth and knew that he can no longer follow his old life because it wasnt true. He wants to make a new beginning and begin right where the gods left off but more slowly. He wants it slowly because he knows that too much knowledge will eat anyone up. All in all, both stories show that losing part of ones old self is necessary in order to gain knowledge. Without doing so, the journey will be more difficult. In addition, one must take risks in order to gain knowledge. not finished lost other partFahrenheit 451This woman had a tremendous impact on Montag. She burned with her books. When he is talking with Mildred about it later, he says The re must be something in books, things we cant imagine to make a woman stay in a burning house, there must be something there. You dont stay for nothing. (pg 51) Mildred tries to say that the woman was simple-minded and that it is water under the bridge. Montag knows that the experience will last him a lifetime. He cannot put it out of his mind.He goes on to explain that for the first time he realized that a man wrote the books He had to think them up and put them down on paper, and then he came along and in two minutes burned it all up and it was over. It seriously fazed him. montag becomes kinder he sees the self-destructing, depressed people and is affected by them, instead of merely moving on in his life and not caring. He is so moved by his new change that he states, It doesnt matter what you do, so long as you change something from the way it was. he decides to stand for a real purpose he decides to rebell against this terribly corrupted government by remembering his book. Quo te It didnt come from the Government down. There was no dictum, no declaration, no censorship, to start with, no Technology, mass exploitation, and minority pressure carried the trick, thank God. Today, thanks to them, you can stay happy all the time, you are allowed to read comics, the good old confessions, or trade journals. Quote If they give you ruled paper, write the other way.Fahrenheit 451

Disadvantages of Large Population of a Country in Relation to Development Essay

Overpopulation is a curse to the societys overall growth. some(prenominal) countries facing this problem are trying to control their population growth. India, for example, has been introducing family planning programs to curtail the growth of its population.Population growth in a country use a capitalist economic system means more demand for products and therefore economic growth. For a country with a low population and a lot of land, it notify be an advantage especially if the distribution of wealth remains close to level so everybody can prosper. Thats not a long term solution for the planet however.The disadvantage is that population growth puts tremendous pressure on economic and ecological resources. In the long term, the orbit leave behind have to come to terms with the fact that we are consuming at a faster rate than nature is able to produce correct now. The consequences of not making an adjustment in an orderly manner will not be a pretty sight. Some of the underdevelo ped and developing countries search the problem of over population. Too many mouths to feed and fewer natural resources on hand can have a devastating effect on the economy. Countries like India and China have large population. In India, population growth has been on a higher scale than what the countrys economy can handle. The prosperity of a nation depends upon the modular of living of its people. Developed countries, such as the US with less population provide a better standard of living for their people. The Americans have good food to eat, enjoy a luxurious living as compared to the people belonging to South-East Asia. What are the disadvantages of overpopulation one whitethorn ask?Depletion of Natural Resources The effects of overpopulation are quite severe. The first of these is the depletion of resources. The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is dropping short of the current needs. Most of the environmental damage being seen in the last fift y odd years is because of the growing number of people on the planet. They are cutting down forests, hunting wildlife in a reckless manner, causing pollution and creating a host of problems. Those engaged in talking just about overpopulation have noticed that acts of violence and aggression outside ofa war zone have increased tremendously while competing for resources.Degradation of Environment With the use of coal, oil and natural gas, it has started producing some serious effects on our environment. Rise in the number of vehicles and industries have badly affected the quality of air. Rise in amount of CO2 emissions leads to global warming. Melting of polar ice caps, changing climate patterns, rise in sea level are few of the consequences that we aptitude we have to face due to environment pollution.Conflicts and Wars Overpopulation in developing countries puts a major strain on the resources it should be utilizing for development. Conflicts over water are fitting a source of t ension between countries, which would result in wars. It causes more diseases to spread and makes them harder to control. Starvation is a huge issue facing the world and the mortality rate for children is being fuelled by it. Poverty is the biggest hallmark we see when talking about overpopulation. All of this will only become worse if solutions are not sought out for the factors affecting our population. We can no longer prevent it, but there are ways to control it.Rise in Unemployment When a country becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there fewer jobs to support large number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise to crime as people will steal various items to feed their family and provide them basic amenities of life.High Cost of Living As difference between demand and supply continues to fatten out due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare. This means that people have to pay more to survive and feed their families.Top 20 thought provoking effects of over population1.More mouths to feed.2.Lower standard of living.3.Poverty.4.Overcrowded cities.5.Sickness and spreading of diseases.6.Insufficient natural resources to provide adequate goods and services.7.Inadequate facilities, such as housing, medical etc.8.Problem of starvation and malnourished population.9.Education facilities may not meet the requirements of the entire population.10.Unemployment.11.Higher crime rate due to unequal distribution of wealth and insufficient financial resources.12.Environmental pollution. Trees are felled to make space for housing facilities.13.Agricultural action is insufficient to meet the requirements of the entire population, which results in higher prices.14.Money is diverted to ensure that the population is fed, rather than carrying out fundamental research. 15.Lower life expectancy.16. plurality living in pastoral areas are not provided with employment opportunities.17.Large number of people lives in unhygienic conditions.18.Birth rate is high.19.Due to lack of proper medical facilities death is also very high. People succumb to various diseases.20.Child labor is common. To sustain themselves families force their children to work, rather than send them to school.

Compare and contrast the Characters of Professor Moriaty Essay

This esenunciate is to show the contrast between two of the villains out of the sherlock Holmes short stories, Professor Moriarty and Dr Roylott. I lead talk about the disputes and the similarities between the two villains and how the behave toward Holmes. Dr Roylott is a char arrangeer from The Speckled Band where he killed his female child by use of a poisonous snake. Professor Moriarty is a character from The Final Problem. By using the text of these books I am in any case able to identify and show Conan Doyles methods of characterisation.The appearance is one of the primary aspects of a character because without imagery you cannot print a picture of the character in your head of what the character would look like. The appearances of the two villains are very different in build and facial and body features. Dr Roylott is a very large person, as it states in The speckled band, where Roylott meets Sherlock at Baker Street. So tall was he that his hat actually brushed the cross- bar. This shows that Dr Roylott was a man of great height. It as well states after that quote and his breadth seamed to span across it This other quote about his build explains that not only was he tall solely had a very large chest, and was very b gaga in his stature. This advantage of size was used to intimidate Sherlock by confronting him. The sheer size difference was used to Roylotts full advantage.Roylotts face is described as being wrinkled and weathered, A large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles. This describes Roylott being quite old or as a man who has been quick to temper and he suffers with a vast amount of stress. It excessively shows that Dr Roylott is a man who doesnt act like most people in his class status and is slightly adventurous and hard working. Conan Doyle use of a thousand wrinkled in an enlarged from and gives more meaning to in that he seamed to have that numerous wrinkles which is able to paint a more accurate image of Roylott in the audiences head . Roylott is also described as a man of agriculture even though he is a man of anger and impulsive rage. a peculiar commixture of the professional and of the agricultural. This explains his professional abilities have bought him wealth and agriculture because of his intelligence. Being wealthy he dresses like a man of his status, in stereotypical dress-code and is said as wearing a black top-hat, a long frockcoat, and a pair of high gaiters.Professor Moriarty is quite the contrary where he is nowhere near as large or bold as Dr Roylott. Moriarty is said to be more of a lean build He is extremely tall and thin. Moriarty is quite a tedious man in comparison of the body structure of the two villains still it doesnt strike any difference in Professor Moriartys intellectual abilities, and Moriarty does not fate a physical advantage. Moriarty is also described as having a large forehead that curves out.This is in relation to his vast excellent intelligence to most people, and Doyle u sed that imagery to try and make the audience see Moriarty as having a large brain that his head has to curve to renounce space for it. Moriarty is also described in The final problem as He is clean-shaven, pale, and ascetic looking. For Conan Doyle to say that Moriarty is ascetic he is able to instantly make the audience think that he is a cruel man, but not adventurous. With Moriartys intellectual capabilities Doyle is able to make the audience think that he is not committing crimes, but organising them. It also says that Moriarty has a lot of self-discipline for himself.The way of life of the two characters is very different. Dr Roylott is a more aggressive man, whereas Professor Moriarty is a more coherent man, and talks about something rather that acts like a violent boisterous person. Dr Roylott shows his extreme impatience and violent tendencies when he met Sherlock and Dr Watson, in Sherlocks home. Roylott storms into where Sherlock is and began to shout at Sherlock about his daughter had been there earlier. Instead of sitting down like Moriarty he confronts Holmes in an aggressive manner and uses intimidation to try and get Holmes to tell him what he wants. Sherlock is not threatened by the show of anger and retains his rationality. In this Roylott realises that he is not qualifying to intimidate Holmes and demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker to show his power, and leaves with a threat, still trying to intimidate Holmes but also proving a point, he means business. Unaffected by this Holmes carries on with the investigation.Moriarty is the complete opposite in physical aggression, for he isnt as bulky as Roylott, but in the same way Moriarty attempts to intimidate Holmes, not by a physical show of strength but by a complex and declare array of words. When Moriarty visits Holmes he insults Sherlock not long after he arrives, you have less frontal development than I expected. This is an insult where Moriarty is trying to say that Holme s is not intelligent enough to out perform Moriarty, in the sense that he will not be able to accuse him without evidence that Holmes will not acquire. This is an entirely alternate method in contrast to Roylott. Moriarty is calm, collective and does not proceed to violence and speaks in a relaxed manor that everything is satisfactory. Moriarty does not need to try and intimidate Sherlock because everything he says carries a lot of weight and he knows that Holmes has met an equally matched adversary, himself.

How Russia was Christianized Essay

Religion, as one of the fundamental forms through which human beings make sense of their existence and experience, belongs to the intellectual and spi rite sphere of world-view, passion, or philosophy. Conversion to Christianity and dilatory adaptation of the daily Christian rituals were a steps in continues process. Russian Christianization is a long-term, open-ended process in other words, it was obliged to reinforce the Russian commitment to the faith through deeper beneathstanding and performing daily rituals.Orthodox Christianity is the majority religion of Russia, estimates the number of adherents range from 55 to 80 percent. Russian Orthodoxy is an underlying part of the Eastern Orthodox world and worldview (Ardichvili, 2006). The geographic reach of Eastern Orthodoxy today includes mostly Russia and the European part of the former USSR, Eastern Europe, and the eastern Mediterranean. For Russians, Orthodoxy is oft seasons much than simply a church it is an entire way of l ife and culture (Clendenin, 2003). Russian approach to Christianity differed from Catholicism and Protestantism.It involved much singing and ritual and not much knowledge of the Bible. It also had a thick pagan substratum peasants believed in wood spirits, sea demons and monsters of the lake. Orthodox teachings have stood the test of time they are not teachings that serve popular culture. Russias state history as a history of its core people the Russian people is nearly known, and is a history of a Christian people. This paper provides a monograph on how Russia was Christianized. It shows how Russians are being molded by their belief as a whole.Further, it provides a deeper understanding of how Russians grows as a society through the Russia Orthodox Christianity. Russian Orthodox Christianity Orthodoxy came to Russia from Byzantium in A. D 988, when the ruler of Kievan Russ (precursor of modern Russia and Ukraine) Grand Prince Vladimir, converted to Christianity, wed a sister of the Byzantine emperor, and started a rapid process of instituting Orthodoxy as the state religion. Having searched the world for a faith to unite his people, his emissaries to Constantinople returned awestruck.Orthodox worship feature such beauty, they reported, and that they did not know if they were on earth or in heaven. Russians soon came to love and adore their new faith, taking Orthodoxy to heart and building numerous churches and monasteries. The church in Russia was governed by a hierarch appointed from Constantinople until the Turks sacked that city in 1453, leaving the Russians as the strongest defenders of Orthodoxy in the world. In 1472, Ivan III, the grand duke of Moscow, get married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor (who had died in 1453).Ivan then took the title of czar-an adoption of Caesar-and Moscow began to consider itself the third Rome. Missionary activity spread Russian Orthodoxy passim Siberia and beyond Russias borders to Alaska, Finland, Japan, an d China. In effort to serve Russian emigrants around the world, the Russian Orthodox perform established dioceses in North America, Europe, and Japan. The Russian church service and state continued to play this central role in the Orthodox world for the next 450 years (Clendenin, 2003 Ware, 1997 domain Fact Book, 2005).However, in 1917, the Bolshevik change resulted not only in abolition of Orthodoxys role as the state religion but also in destruction of thousands of churches and monasteries, and the deaths of millions of members of the clergy, monks, nuns, and lay believers. Communists, hardening on creating a workers paradise in this world, fiercely attacked the church. Before the revolution, Russia boasted more than 50,000 churches and 160,000 priests. By late 1930s there were no more than 300 execution churches.The clergy had been murdered or had died in the gulags, and only a skeleton crew of priests was allowed to serve such as the faithful. Outside communistic Russia, the faithful suffered as they witnessed the tragic fate of the countless persecution of their church. Bishops in exile rallied around Metropolitan Antoni, forming a temporary church authority that took refuge first in Constantinople and, then, at the invitation of the Serbian patriarch, in Karlovei, Yugoslavia.The historical events of that year, 1917, caused the dispersion of millions of Russians worldwide, outside the borders of their native country. Back in Moscow, Patriarch Tikhon issued a decree supporting this action, though later, presumably under communist influence, he retracted it. The Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia chose to ignore the second decree, since Patriarch Tikhon issued it while under house arrest.He later died under circumstances so mysterious that he is now considered a martyr. One of his successors, Metropolitan Sergii, maintained correspondence with bishops abroad. This landed him in prison in 1926, where he stayed until he i ssued his now infamous Declaration in July 1927. In it, he demanded that all clergy abroad make a written promise of their loyalty to the Soviet government and declared that all Orthodox in the Soviet Union must be faithful citizens and loyal to the Soviet government. Perceived as a betrayal of the church by the Synod and many faithful within Russia and abroad, Sergiis declaration silenced any doubts that the church in Russia was subject to communist control. The bother was compounded when he formed a church organization that was not sanctioned by the bishops in Russia and abroad. In the USSR, an underground free church sprung up in defiance, Russian Orthodox abroad dug in and held tight to their traditions, sensing that they alone preserved the faith undefiled and incorrupt.Archbishop Laurus, who arrived in America in 1946 with a group of monks fleeing the war in Europe, states that the primary purpose of Hollywood Monastery is to preserve Orthodoxy as it was passed on from our pr edecessors and to give it to the next generation and also to Russia. With the decrease of communism, Russians were allowed to return to their churches without obstacles. It soon became clear that Orthodoxy had procreated the Russian soul so deeply that even seventy years of repression couldnt stamp it out.Even so, the Russian Church outside of Russia and the Russian church in Russia have not reunite There are a number of unresolved issues blocking union, including the canonical ones cited above, honorable questions, and others, such as the caution of all the new martyrs of Russia. The Synod, unwilling to taint the purity it has so ardently maintained, remains steadfast in its position. Moreover, Warem (1997) estimated that there were more than 54,000 churches in prerevolutionary Russia and more than 17,000 functioning churches in 1996.Although officially the whole country was supposed to be atheist during the Soviet rule, millions of people followed their religion in private, and many more joined the church after 1991. As suggested by Clendenin (2003), more than 70 million people in Russia today identify themselves as Orthodox. kit and boodle CITEDArdichvili, A. Russian Orthodoxy worldview and adult learning in the workplace. Advances in Developing Human Resources. 8(3). 373-381, 2006. Clendenin, D. Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI Baker Aademic, 2003. Warem T. The Orthodox church. London Penguin, 1997. World fact book, December 20, 2005.

Research Paper on Spina Bifida Essay

There are many diseases in the world that affect the human body. In many cases people do not care or dont become aware of all the diseases that can be harmful and possibly put their lives at risk. There is a great list of diseases that can impact our lives. For example, one of the diseases that I found to be sadly life changing is the Spina Bifida. Even though, the watch for children with spina bifida has changed dramatically over the years a study has shown that with appropriate medical care about 75% of children born with the most severe salmagundi of spina bifida go out most likely live until their early adult years.What exactly is a spina bifida? Well it occurs when the fetus is growing in the womb and its spine doesnt form correctly. round of the bones in the spine dont close to make their normal ring shapes around the spinal anaesthesia cord, and the opening that results causes one of these types of spina bifida spina bifida occulta and spina bifida cystica- meningocele an d myelomeningocele. The spina bifida occulta is a tiny opening that usually causes mild or no symptoms.Whereas, the spina bifida cystica-meningocele is a big enough opening so that most of the membrane surrounding the spinal cord sticks out through the opening. However, the most serious kind, in which some of the spinal cord itself sticks out through the opening in the spine is the spina bifida cystica-myelomeningocele. Some of the symptoms of this disease varies and depends on where along the spine the opening occurred or which type of spina bifida has occurred.Not only that, children born with spina bifida may have other nervous administration disorders such as hydrocephalus or Chiari malformation. This disease occurs more frequently among Hispanics and whites of European extraction, and less commonly among Asians and African-Americans. About 95% of babies born with spina bifida have no family history of it. However, if a mother has a child with spina bifida, the risk of it happ ening again in a pregnancy is greatly increased.One of the reasons of this disease happens because of the wish of folic acid during the pregnancy stage. Although, the FDA mandated that all enriched cereal grain products be fortified with folic acid to help veer the chance of spina bifida from happening. There are still some issues about adding folic acid to foods. The treatment for this disease consists of managing the symptoms that the person has, such as difficulty standing, paseoing, or urinating.Some people will be able to walk with crutches or leg braces others may need a wheelchair to get around. However, children and adults with myelomeningocele have the most medical complications and need the most medical care. Even though, there is no complete cure spina bifida. The opening in the spine can be closed surgically either before or after birth, and this could reduce its effects on the body. Overall, spina bifida is the most common birth defect that affects a lot of newborns in the United States and other parts of the world.

Washington’s Precedents Established

Holding office from for a courageous eight years from 1789 to 1797, George working capital was one of the nearly significant presidents of all time. His other famous name is the Founding Father of the united States of America He implement the maximum amount of terms to two. When he promoted guidelines for the United States leader, his beliefs and visions were accepted as his guidelines have stayed over the years and virtually differed over the centuries such as the foreign policies and the political policies applied similarly. Some of Washingtons appliances have yet to differentiate from the past as they ar still applied.Document A states two important factors organization power and its proper usage. The government utilizes its limited powers. Document A states so many checks and efficacious restraints to prevent it from degenerating to any specious of oppression. Washington acknowledges the facts that the government cannot corrupt the balance and checks system. Document D el aborates on the basis of the Embargo Act, which proved beneficial. The Embargo Act explains how taxation is a requirement for society, with all imports, exports, and shipping.Document D by President Thomas Jefferson states undelegated powers its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force. Jefferson believes that if the government will become more enforcing if they do not have the balance and checks system. They would have to do all that is necessary. If the government had enforced all necessities, there would have been no possibility for certain aspects of the political world There were many aspects that continue, as Washington would have wanted and some that didnt. The process is handled today of the draft Document G mentions the first concept of the topic.The draft is the sending of people to the military/army. Sometimes the draft was necessary peculiarly if a war was to come about, but it somewhat belittled the freedom to a certain amount. One of the things that had gone wr ong against Washingtons proposals is give tongue to in Document I. Document I speaks about the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine basically states how The United States of America should not intervene with foreign battles and side with any European power. The Monroe Doctrine secures the United States because if the U. S would interfere, there is a possibility of battle that can evidently lead to war.Unluckily history had repeated itself as the government obdurate to do what they feel and intervene in the Vietnam War (which really had nothing with the U. S. ). Some of the aspects Washington influenced have changed over the centuries. Document B states, it is our policy to pourboire clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world, America, unfortunately, has formed relationships and alliance with European worlds. Document F shows how foreign connections can lead to high treason or cruelty. The British had maintained the American ships and even violated some.All these foreign issues led to the War of 1812 between the British and the Americans. This settled the issues between America and Britain and fortunately settled possible future issues. The baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. , states Document B. In his Farewell Address, Washington believes if there are a musical interval and formation of different parties, new issues and corruption would occur. In reality, the formation of different parties promotes acceptance of new interrelated ideas. Washington proposed ideas that have been continued and have been overruled.He believed that the United States should separate from any European nation. He believed there should have been no formation of separate parties, which actually has changed over the centuries for positive reasons. Washington believed the government should be limited yet satisfied under the balances and checks system, and so they have been over the years. America has repeated history as they ignore the Monroe Doct rine by contend with European Alliances. Washington was a smart man his ideas were accepted, proposed, accepted, ignored and changed.

What is personal space?

in the flesh(predicate) quadruplet was an idea first developed by German born Swedish psychologist David Katz in 1937. It is very oft describes as an emotionally charged bubble of quadrangle which surrounds each individual or alternately Personal space is the region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs. Most spate value their face-to-face space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety when their personal space is encroached. On the some early(a) hand, some research suggests that the personal space bubble is non circular, exactly elliptical and so we prat tolerate passel coming come togetherr to us at the side than front or behind.The 4 stages of a persons Personal SpaceThis is a Proxemics Theory, which had been investigated by Edward T Hall in 1959, who describes a persons personal space to be in 4 layersIntimate distance for embracing, pathetic or whispering be quiet conformation little than 6 inches (15 cm) Far phase 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm)The closest distance is generally the domain of those who pay patronize an intimate coitusship with each another(prenominal), but also includes situations where the friendly rules allow contact, for example in a wrestling match (Edward Hall distinguishes amid near situations requiring body contact and far distances which require being very close but not in contact (whispering)). This distinction is preferably artificial since whether contact occurs leave a unaccompanied depend on a variety of things such as the social and physical setting.Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family members Close phase 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm) Far phase 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 120 cm) This zone generally reserved for good friends or intimate partners in a social setting the near aspect is generally reserved for couples or very close friends, whereas, the far phase is used by acquaintances or simple friends.Social distance for interactions among acquaintances C lose phase 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m) Far phase 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m)This is the zone where those who atomic number 18 not acquainted interact or where business transactions occur. The near distance would be used by those being introduced or for informal business transactions whereas the far phase would be reserved for more formal business processes.Public distance used for public speaking Close phase 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m) Far phase 25 feet (7.6 m) or more.It is subdivided into near phase such as the distance surrounded by a speaker and an audience, and the far phase being the distance for example between the public and an beta public figure.This is an easy concept to beneath base of operations if anybody enters our bubble, hence they are invading personal space.Invading Personal SpaceWhen person invades another persons personal space it can make the person feel anxious, awkward, insecure, vulnerable, slopped and uncomfortable simply because there is anothe r person standing too close to them and makes them question the intensions of the invader.. The confines invasion would generally only be used if the person invading it has not earned their built in bed in one of the four layers. There are actually many psychological and physical cause that are activated when a person is getting too close to another and they cause battalion to behave a little distinct than usual, for example Extreme self knowingness suddenly we go away how to act naturally Limited snuff itments and gestures Reduced eye contact Turning aside or away from the interloper Well usually immediately take a step back. Adopting a defensive position folded arms, less smiles, frowning, strain posture. Stopping the conversation entirely. Factors that influence personal spaceGender- Males interacting with other priapics require the largest interpersonal distance, Men are more territorial and aggressive by nature and provide keep more distance from other men, b ut when it comes to women we will usually prefer to get a little closer. This is then followed by females interacting with other females, which requires a little less space and distance as compared to just two men, as investigated by Gifford in 1987. Women are also more sociable than men they get social cues better, more emotionally expressive and are generally better than us men when it comes to emotional communication. Its only natural then that women will feel more comfortable being closer to each other than men. However it credibly depends on the situation, or the relationship, or the age group and so on as well.Culture- This is perhaps the almost important factor when it comes to investigating the difference in invasion of personal space. Hall (1959) identified the impressiveness of cultural variation. He suggested that while all cultures use personal space to communicate, and tend to conform to the different categories, the coat of the space deep down the categories varies across cultures. Hall also identified the essential issue in inter-cultural difference as the tendency to interpret invasions of personal space as an indication of aggression. Some foreign examples of this are Distant cultures (northern Europe, US, and many other westerns cultures) tend to keep more personal space and use less touching than other more warm cultures.Asian cultures are characterized as more accommodating and accepting attitudes when it comes to personal space, the surmisal says its due to more crowded living conditions. Other cultures including south Europe, Middle East and South Americans are considered to be more warm by nature touch and close proximity are more welcomed and socially accepted. Age- Some evidence suggests that personal space gets bigger as we grow older (Hayduk, 1983). Children tend to be quite happy to be physically close to each other, something which changes as awareness of adult grammatical gender develops. In addition the gender difference does tend to also appear at this sentence.Status- Status has a huge effect on your personal space size and demand. First of all, like the alpha male of the pack, the higher the status the more space is considered to be ones (no surprise that the first var. seats are bigger and have more space per individual). Status also affects the size of the territory that is required. Just Like the kings of old owned a huge palace not because they inevitable 20 bedrooms and an Olympic swimming pool, but because it showed the measure of their power and influence. In modern days we have the equivalent mansions of the rich and famous to demonstrate their wealth and rich lifestyle.Personality- There is some evidence of disposition difference but effects here need to be treated with caution given the situational colony of traits. Extraverted and gregarious persons tend to require smaller personal space, while cold and quarrelsome mint require a larger interpersonal distance (Gifford, 1982).Ur ban vs. Rural- The amount of personal space someone needfully is relative to the people density of where they live, for example, in sparsely populated areas people get more space than in densely populated areas country people are used to live in a vast and mildly populated areas while city dwellers are more used to crowding. This means that city dwellers will usually have a smaller personal space than country people due to this habit of density. The distance someone extends his/her arm to shake hands gives us a clue whether he/she is from a rural or urban area.People from the city tend to have an 18-inch bubble which allows the hands to see in neutral territory. People brought up in a town with a small population have a space bubble of up to a meter. People from rural areas tend to stand with their feet firmly planted on the ground and lean forward for the handshake, whereas a city dweller will step forward to greet you. People raised in remote areas might require an til now gr eater Personal Space, which could be as wide as 6 meters. They prefer to wave rather than shake hands.Case StudiesStudy 1- Felipe & Sommer 1966Aim- To examine the effects of the invasion of personal space Method- Research was carried out in a public library amongst people of similar cultural backgrounds who were sitting a solitary. These people were split into two groups 1) Those where the unify approached them, sat in the chair next to them and moved the chair closer to them. 2) Those where the confederate approached them and sat in the next-but-one chair. Results- When someone came and sat in the chair next to them and moved the chair closer to them, 70% of the lone people left within half-an-hour. When someone came and sat in the next-but-one chair only 13% of the lone people left within half-an-hour. Conclusion- People found this invasion of their personal space disruptive. Researchers also historied that those whose personal space had been invaded moved their chair, put barrie rs up such as books and changed their body position to move away.Evaluation of this studyStrength- Has high ecological validity since it was conducted in a public place. Weakness- This study used people from a similar background and hence may only be applicable to those sorts of people- this study cannot be generalised.Case Study 2- Sommer 1969Aim- To examine whether there are cultural differences in the use of personal space Method- Researchers discovered groups of Arab people and groups of white English people in conversation. Results- The comfortable distance for conversation for Arab people was under 1 m, whereas for white English people the comfortable distance was between 1 m and 1.5 m. Conclusion- varied cultures are comfortable with different amounts of personal space.Evaluation of this studyStrength- Explores how culture affects somebodys personal space and hence raises awareness of how different cultures have various tolerance levels (when it comes to personal space). Th is study also raises awareness to people of different cultures when they are visiting other, culture richcountries. Weakness- The study was conducted a long time ago and due to the many revolutions and acceptances between cultures in todays day, the results and findings may not be as accurate now as they were then. This poses questions about whether and how time has affected personal space within the different cultures, and would possibly need a new experiment to be conducted, to update the results.Examples of invading personal spaceInviting a teacher into a students personal space when their help is infallible at school/in class for example to help solve a problem this relation is always a professional relationship. When caught fighting and stopped, some kids like to tease the other party with a simple trick- they reach out with their hand and almost touch the other kid (or even worse, stuck the treat in front of their face), then they say something like I dont touch you. Its act ually an invitation for a fight, without taking responsibility for starting it, because its impossible not to respond to this kind of irritation. If youll meet your favorite movie star, you will welcome his company and even his touch even though hes almost a complete exotic to you.But it wont go the other way around- it will be highly inappropriate to get too close to that star without a clear invitation to do so. Youll probably keep a distance from your boss (probably the analogous one from the previous example) during work, but on fishing at trip together some of the social borders will fall down, and youll feel more comfortable being in closer distance. However, when youll get back to work again, youll retain the appropriate workspace between you.

An Acting Critique of Legally Blonde the Musical Essay

An Acting Critique of Leg every last(predicate)y platinum-blonde the MusicalOn Friday night prison term, May 3rd at & p.m., my mother and I att rested the opening night of Legally Blonde in the Buena P.A.C. I must begin by saying that I am slightly biased towards one of the pretenders who scarcely so happens to be my sister, so the roles of Chutney, the girl who accidentally hit her father, and a Delta Nu sister have never been contend more perfectly in my eyes. While I found the bunco both amusing and enjoyable, there were some big issues as far as opening night goes. Things like lack of protuberance (on top of some serious microphone issues, which I can non blame the actors for), actors forgetting imbibes, and sloppy blocking, especially in umteen of the dances during the musical offsprings, all took away from the general fetch of the show. However, there were definitely some things I absolutely loved, which were approximatelyly specific characters. Also, the quality of the singing in all the musical numbers was very high, which is something you dont see often in a high school musical production. That being said, I thought it was worth my five dollars, and a bulky way for Buena to end its 2012-13 season.Like I said forrader, technical aspects such as microphone malfunctions cannot be blamed on the actors. It is the job of the technicians to ensure all of the equipment functions properly. However, I believe that actors should not rely on such technical aspects alone to ensure that they are effectively heard by every component of the audience. Call me old fashioned, scarce I am a firm believer in projection making your voice bounce off the walls of the theater. After all, theaters are geometrically designed to do just that. But I guess not everyone feels that way, and it was apparent Friday night when every time an actors microphone went kayoed, it was as if they were whispering. This is often detrimental to the plot because if actors cannot be heard, vital pieces of information are upset upon the audience. This issue could have been non-existent if the actors had practiced their projection. Luckily, I saw the movie first, so I knew the plot before I even watched the play.Along with not evermore being able to hear the actors, line memorisation seemed to cause a few problems on give Friday night as well. I will admit, it was not as apparent of a problem as was the lack of audibility at times,but I did notice it quite a few times. The example that stood out to me most(prenominal) was the character of Paulette, the owner of Elles deary salon and close friend to Elle. She was in the middle of a alone on stage and completely dropped almost an entire verse of her song. I will not judge her too raspingly because I fully understand the pressures of opening night, and I am sure the pressure of a solo is equally as heavy. I am simply using it as an example. Any other line slips I noticed were fairly minor, and when they ha ppened, the actors did a pretty good job of covering it up and going with the flow.The last big problem I had with Legally Blonde the Musical was the blocking. Call me crazy, but it seemed to me towards the end of the play that either the actors got passing lazy with their blocking during the dances, or they simply did not rehearse the scenes enough. all way, it was very obvious. Actors were off tempo, bumping into one another, and were also completely out of sync when they should not have been. The actors most guilty of that were the Delta Nu sorority sisters (except my sister, of course). I also noticed that it was not only the dance scenes that lacked blocking, but so did many of the conversational scenes. I love watching actors faces more than anything because I believe thats where most acting is done. I wanted so badly to do that Friday night, but I spent the whole time craning my neck to try and get glimpses. Quite irritating, considering the fact that my mother and I show ed up almost a half hour early to get seats in the center of the house. Acting is all around action, and action cannot be understood if it cannot be seen.Now that I have ranted and raved about what I very did not enjoy about the Friday night showing of Legally Blonde the Musical, I should probably talking about the things that I really enjoyed, which definitely outweighed the bad. My absolute favorite character (besides the ones played by my sister) was Enid Hoopes, played by senior Aubrie Bouchard. She was a womens rights activist, as well as a full-blooded lesbian, your bonny tough girl with a lot to prove to the world. She was absolutely hilarious her timing was great, her character outgrowth was awesome, and her projection was wonderful. She had me rolling with all of her perfectly timed quips, especially when her inner lesbian showed.My other favorite group ofcharacters was Elles three best friends from Malibu Pilar, Margot, and Serena, who also came to be known as the Gree k chorus. This was an extremely appropriate nickname because they served the same purpose as the original Greek choruses in the first plays. They always showed up in Elles times of need to provide her with support, and to provide the audience with information. They also happened to be hilarious and bubbly, as Delta Nu sisters should be. They also had wonderful projection, especially Serena, played by Jansen Morgen. I also enjoyed prof Callahans character, played by Braxton Olgetree. He was not a very likable character as far as the plot of the play went, but I could tell the actor put a lot of hightail it into his character, especially on the voice. He was drab and monotone, just like a constabulary professor at Harvard should be, and his character work really shone through. I also must mention the most adorable and well-behaved character of the entire show, the part of Rufus, Paulettes dog, played by an American assault named Sarge. He was both cute and flawless.The other thing I loved about this play was the overall quality of the singing. I was very gratify with all the musical numbers all the songs were cute and catchy, no one made my ears bleed, and I could hear everyone fairly well even with all of the microphone issues. Usually, from my personalized experience, most high school musicals consist of two groups of people choir kids and theater kids. Not all choir kids can act, and not all theater kids can sing, but I am pleased to say that this musical was not that way. Everyone was able to sing and act quite effectively. My favorite musical number was the song Gay or European, which was performed in the courtroom scene when they were trying to figure out whether or not the pool boy, who claimed to be Brooke Windams lover, was gay. It was very light-humored and entertaining. I also enjoyed the opening number, Ohmigod, which was performed by Elle and her Delta Nu sisters in the very beginning.Like I said from the start, I was a little biased towards th is play from the beginning simply because my little sister was in it. However, even when I put my bias aside, I can honestly say I was thoroughly pleased with my experience as an audience part as a whole. While I must admit there were various issues with things like actor projection, lack of proper blocking,and lack of line memorization, the overall quality of acting was quite enjoyable. The character work done by most of the actors was very apparent and applaudable. I loved all of the main characters, as well as the minor ones. The singing was also fantastic I did not find myself shrink at any of the musical numbers. Instead, I actually found myself tapping my feet and sometimes even singing on with the catchy songs. I know the showings of Legally Blonde the Musical are all over now, but I would recommend it to anyone to go and see that show. It was definitely an A performance.

The Effectiveness of Time Management Strategies for Improving Academic Performance Among College Freshmen

The Effectiveness of meter Management Strategies for Improving schoolman Per earnance Among College Freshmen flag pile University of due west Alabama Author Note Iris R. agglomerate, Education Department, Class 504- Techniques of Educational search, Dr. Reenay Rogers, the University of West Alabama. This inquiry was non supported by some(prenominal) institutional grants or additional financial support. The motive would like to ext pole a fussy thanks to Dr. Reenay Rogers, for support and guidance during the preparation for the manuscript.The interrogation inform does non reflect the views of the Mississippi State University, or the University of West Alabama. Iris R. Hill, 300 Carver depend upon, Livingston, AL 12345. emailprotected edu Abstract As college first search for ways to fit-in during their first a couple of(prenominal) months of college life, it is important that they ar introduced to condemnation counselling techniques and strategies to improve thei r take chancess for pedantic success. The payoffiveness of prison term counsel strategies among college freshmen at Mississippi State University, entrust be examined during the implementation of a appetiser orientation class.A collection of students that participate in a freshman orientation class go forth be introduced to sequence instruction strategies, to observe if pedantic overture occurred. An other ag classify of students pull up stakes participate in another freshman orientation class without the cadence commission component, to observe if schoolman improvement occurs or if first floor read/write head averages remain the actually(prenominal). Together, these findings shadelyow offer that conviction c ar strategies do help to improve faculty member carry outance among college freshman.Keywords faculty member death penalty, stress variables, set out pourboire average, peers, expertitude, measure vigilance The Effectiveness of Time Managem ent Strategies for Improving Academic Performance Among College first Numerous occasions college students feed not had to regulate their eon systematically before attending college beca hold they be smart and werent really challenged in high school. This situation often differs in college beca recitation everyone who goes to college did donnishally sanitary in high school, but the full selection atomic number 18 allocated.Students who get windd As and Bs, or above average patterns in high school, are now receiving Cs and Ds, or average to below average grades in college. Those students receiving lower grades are in all likelihood no less competent than those receiving higher grades, but often their bailiwick habits, including date counseling, are less productive. A correct rule to manage quantify does not exist however, it is critical for a person to become familiar with his or her self, so that they fundament make substantial decisions virtually how to workout his or her condemnation.We all are given 168 hours in a week to use, however, some individuals make break use of this age than others. Previous research suggested that many academically achieved students do not investigate their academic success. They tend to be successful and are satisfied with the depicted object skills and cartridge clip charge techniques they have well-behaved to guarantee that they accomplish their objectives (Balduf, 2009). Problem to be Investigated This assume examines the problem of whether or not the effective use of time anxiety strategies give improve academic performance among college freshmen.This is a problem because far as well as many first-time college freshman find themselves not prepared for the rigors of college life and academics. When college students learn how to effectively represent time focussing strategies into their daily, weekly, and monthly schedules and itineraries, it john help to reduce stress and jade, achieve goals and o bjectives, and improve academic execution. part of the Study The purpose of the turn over is to discover if effective time wariness strategies and techniques foot improve academic performance among college freshmen.The time management strategies that give be use in this story are demo to be effective, adaptive, task-oriented, and individualistic. If these strategies and techniques are effective, then college freshmen academic performance result improve. It is assumed that then colleges and universities could implement the time management strategies to improve academic achievement and performance among college freshmen. Justification of the Study Time management is a very important part of any persons life.Somehow, it never really becomes relevant until a person is in college, for the first time. Effective time management skills should be used in all aspects of a college students life. This study, if demonstrate supports this position, will improve academic performance by i ntroducing time management strategies to first-time college freshmen. Time management is how a person manages his or her time according to Atkinson (1970). At times, many high performing students do not wonder about their academic achievement.Colleges should be aware that even their academically successful applicants may inadequacy the skills necessary to succeed (Greene, 1986). One of the ways that college freshmen are introduced to time management skills, is by a freshman orientation class, that is required for all college freshmen during their first year of college. Through experimentation, the researcher plans to provide others with useful exploitation regarding the correlation between the effectiveness of time management strategies and student academic achievement. Research Question and Research HypothesisThe research question is Will the use of effective time management strategies improve academic performance among college freshmen? The research possibility is Applying t ime management strategies and techniques will result in an improvement in academic performance among college freshmen. This hypothesis suggests the correlation between the dependent variable academic performance and the free variable time management strategies. Definition of Terms Constitutive definitions- The following definitions were obtained from www. dictionary. com Academic Performance is delineate as the execution or accomplishment related to certain areas of study. Stress Variables is delimitate as the physical or mental strain exerted on one thing by another that is apt to change or alter behavior. Grade Point Average is defined as a measure of a students academic achievement at a college or university calculated by dividing the enumerate number of grade guides watchd by the resume number attempted. Peers is defined as a person or sort out who is equal to another in abilities, qualifications, age, grade, background, and social status. Aptitude is defined as the readiness or quickness in learning intelligence, ability innate or acquired faculty for something. Time management is defined as the analysis of how working hours are spent and the prioritization of tasks in ready to maximize personal efficiency in the workplace and/or school. Operational definitions Stress variables will be any potential outside factors that may negatively affect academic performance. Aptitude will be given in a form of a pretest or stare prior to the experimentation and a post-test will be given upon completion of the experiment.Pre-tests and post-tests will be given to all observational and figure group participants. A comparison will be used to determine if time management strategies improved academic performance. Brief Overview of the Study The research would match the hypothesis in that, applying time management strategies will result in an improvement of academic performance according to academic grade top dog averages. The research study would incl ude a stochastic selected try out of 80 first- time college freshmen from a local university. The 80 students will participate for devil semesters.At the end of the first semester, without anyone receiving the time management strategies training, the good groups grade point averages will be recorded. The 80 students would be given a pretest in the form of a time management flock before the research breaker point begins. The time management survey would determine the students familiarity with using time management strategies as well as the lack in that locationof. The 80 first- time college freshmen would be split into two groups consisting of forty students in distributively group. One group would be the data-based group, that would receive the time management strategies during a freshman orientation class.The time management strategies that the 40 in the experimental group would receive, consist of assessing and readying, adjusting and implementing, and evaluating. The other group would be a control group, that would receive a normal freshman orientation class without introducing time management strategies. This study would last for a ball club month research period. At the end of the second semester, all of the students academic grade point averages would be recorded to determine if improved academic achievement actually occurred for the students in the experimental group, that received the freshman orientation class with the ime management strategies incorporated into the class curriculum. The differences in the in the grade point averages would be examined. Background and follow of Related Literature In order to understand student achievement in regards to persistence at learning objectives, and time management, many modern-day motivational models consider how much students are motivated to succeed in their school work. However, student achievement and persistence may not however be affected by their amount of study motivation, but also by the motivation to ingest in alternative activities, as suggested by Atkinson (1970).Time management is therefore an important aptitude, also for students (Vanheste, Lens, & Vandenberghe, 2001). Students mustiness learn how to split their time over the various areas of interest, because spending too much time in challenging activities force keep them studying and climax in unsatisfactory achievement, as suggested by Gergen (1991). opening Past studies have confirmed the importance of time management skills and under d accept students academic performance. The consequences of other uses of time are still in debate.Some researchers have discussed that students engaged in activities that command ambition and susceptibility also accomplish much in the classroom, small-arm students who participate mainly in docile activities, perform less than adequately (Balduf, 2009). Other researchers have discussed that students who are tied to the college campus or university through residence , work, or two-timing(a) activities, get better as an overall student, while those who are apart from the college or university campus tend to function less than average (Schwartz, 2000).Many students are realistic about having to plan their work independently, and having to use time management skills to adjust to college life. Coleman and Freedman (1996) contend that many students find it difficult to regulate their self-study and keep up the rigors of college work. College students were not always sure how to prioritize their time. It is argued that colleges and universities should attempt to play a more active utilisation in helping first-year students to make sense of time management (Coleman and Freedman, 1996, p. 34). Studies Directly Related In previous studies of academically challenged college students, both motivation and goal determination were key factors in evaluating why students do not succeed academically. In a recent study, Hsieh, Sullivan, and Guerra (2007) foun d students whose grade point averages put them on academic probation (below a 2. 0) had goals that were counter-productive to academic achievement. The students that performed badly were less likely to seek out assistance in changing their academic outcomes (Hsieh et al. 2007). Shim and Ryan (2005) found that students who valued accomplishment- accomplishing the academic content regardless of the academic gain, had higher levels of motivation, while staying away from challenge and situations that could result in failure-connected to lower motivation and less than average time management skills. In a previous study, Whitmore (1989) discussed the causes of for each one persons causes of academic failure. Participants associated their high school academic achievement to unimportant efforts.They did not have to work hard to obtain the achievement they wanted, these students were never instructed, nor ever instructed themselves, on how to keep through challenging issues. When these pa rticipants experienced challenging class work in college, they were not prepared to deal it. In addition, many other factors of the participants experiences played a part in their college underachievement insufficient study habits, suffering time management skills, and inherent versus external motivation.Research shows that when first-year college students or freshman, use time management strategies, it will help to improve their academic performance. McCown, Petzel, and Rupert (1987) contend that the students pre-entry characteristics, perceptions of the learning environment, reported work discipline, the use of orphic information processing strategies, time management skills, and current academic performance (p. 782) all play profound roles in the in store(predicate) academic begetment of the student. in that respect is a large amount of literature establish on the influence of institutional characteristics on student achievement as well. Common sense infers and educationa l studies displays that individual contrasts in academic success are a result of disparities in cognitive and other abilities, but also from disparities in motivation. Parents and teachers both, often times associate disappointing academic school performance results, to a lack of motivation, rather than to inadequate abilities.They argue that more academically motivated students spend more time and effort in their school work, which, in turn, lead to higher levels of academic success. The old proverb, behave makes perfect may not always be true, but many underachieving students would benefit from devoting more time to school work. McCowan, Petzel, and Rupert (1987) found an important positive correlation of . 60 between extraversion and procrastination.Extraverted students emergency stimulation and they want to find and investigate their environment, so they actively look for challenges, they are less likely to be curious in a broad wide range of activities. However, these expansi ve and varied interests might hinder them from studying, and heighten their study procrastination. The students habit of study procrastination is often not a development of low motivation or elevated concern of failure. Extraverted students do not possess the time management skills because other more exciting things always are more important.The other factors involved can viewed as potential stress variables. As societal expectations about attending college have grown, professors report increase numbers of students who are unprepared for the rigors of postsecondary education- not just more students with learning disabilities, but students (with or without special admission status) who are academically at-risk because of inadequate reading, writing, study, and time management skills.This study by Graves (2011) provided professors and their down assistants, those in the lead concerning the interactions with students, with strategies and techniques they can use in the classroom, to as sist with at-risk students, and help to raise their skills so that those students can effectively complete their studies. Graves (2011) discussed confirmed techniques that not only interest all students in a class, but also create the environment, while maintaining integrity and high expectations, to look into at-risk and under-prepared college students to flourish academically and calibrate with high grade point averages.Rimm (1997) also explained how to work successfully with academic support components on campus. deep down the system of recognizing those students who need help, building a rapport with them, implementing inclusive teaching techniques, and extending suitable instruction, the article submits the supposition teachers will need, and efficient classroom techniques. Natale (1995) covered teaching philosophy and goals issues of improving time management and study skills, as well as the application of universal design strategies.The concepts discussed in the article c an be easily integrated into any classroom, at any school or university. Studies Tangentially Related In a study by Dealtry (2004), it was suggested that a collaboration between higher education stakeholders is needed to develop an academic plan or centralized advising center to assist college freshman with selecting a major, time management, campus resources, and future goals to increase persistence and graduation rates. Administrators and faculty should work to develop programs to address retention needs of first-year students.Further research should be conducted to examine how participation in co-extracurricular activities, living and learning on-campus communities, campus climate, and social consolidation and institution commitment components contribute to student retention and persistence. In some cases, there may be other causes or factors involved that may be related to a student not universe able to utilize time management strategies. Schwartz (2000) explained that some st udents who appear to be lazy, simply lack the executive skills they need to stay organized and get their work done.Schwartz (2000) told a story about a student with attention problems, whose academic performance started plummeting in high school. With the help of a peer advisor, Josh in condition(p) to manage his time better and complete his assignments. Schwartz (2000) shared several time management strategies that schools can use to help students become better prepared for college life. Procedures This study is a randomized pretest/posttest control group design. The hypothesis suggests a relationship between these two variables academic performance (quantitative) and time management strategies (categorical).Some affirmable extraneous variables that might affect the results are that students may not be receptive to the time management strategies shared by the graduate students and professors teaching the freshman orientation class. Also, students may or may not receive help imple menting the time management strategies outside of the orientation class. The potential for harm to participants in this study are as follows 1. ) The group of students not receiving the time management strategies or skills training may have lower academic performance than the treatment group, 2. Some freshmen may not be motivated to do the time management strategies as others, and therefore, some students may not receive quality time management skills training during the freshman orientation. To handle these potential problems, the researcher will 1. ) Implement the time management strategies for the group not receiving the training by and by the experiment is completed. 2. ) Require that only graduate students be used to incorporate the time management strategies training, and those students would exemplify high levels of academic performance.The possibilities of problems with confidentiality include 1. ) If graduate students revealed the names of the students participating in the time management skills training class or 2. ) If the names of the students, who received the time management training, were revealed with academic performance pull ahead. This study is of no risk to human depicted objects and the proposed research is conducted in commonly accepted educational settings, involving normal educational practices, in accordance with IRB category level I. Description of Research DesignA random sample of 80 first- year college freshmen would be given a pretest or time management survey to determine their current knowledge and application of time management strategies. The random sample of 80 students would also submit their grade point averages prior to the beginning of the study. The grade point average measures a students academic achievement at a college or university. It is calculated by dividing the add number of grade points received by the total number attempted. The 80 first- year college freshmen would be divided into two groups.The experimen tal group, consisting of 40 students, would receive the time management strategies integrated into their freshman orientation class. The time management strategies that the 40 students in the experimental group would be receive is based on a time management plan developed by Weinstein (2003). Students would be given a three step plan consisting of 1. ) Assessing and planning the schedule. 2. ) Adjusting the schedule. 3. ) Evaluating and implementing the schedule. These strategies will be taught and monitored weekly by professors and graduate assistants.The control group, consisting of the other 40 first- year college freshmen, would receive the freshman orientation class without the time management strategies implemented. The study will be conducted over two semesters. Upon the completion of the study, all 80 students will submit their grade point averages and time management survey or quiz developed by Weinstein (2003). The differences in the academic improvement would be examined. Description of the precedent The sample includes 80 first- year college freshmen out of 1200, from a university in the southeast.The 80 students are divided into two classrooms. One classroom will participate in the time management strategies training and the other will not. The students range in age from 19- 22 years old. In this study, each classroom consists of 20 females and 20 males. The ethnic breakdown is as follows 75% Caucasian, 15% African American, 10% Hispanic, and 10% Asian American. The group of students for this study represented a various mixture of socioeconomic statuses, ranging from low-to high levels, as well as different levels of academic achievement (i. . , grade point averages from 1. 0- 4. 0). Each of the professors for the classrooms have taught time management components earlier in their careers. The graduate assistants who will monitor and observe the freshmen during this study, have successfully used time management strategies to enhance their own indi vidual academic performance. Description of the Instruments Used The students grade point average is an existing operator that will be used in this study. The grade point average measures a students academic achievement at a college or university.It is calculated by dividing the total number of grade points received by the total number attempted. The grade point average adequately and logically measures the students comprehension in each outlet area. The grade point average formula is becharm for first-year college freshmen because it measures student academic achievement. The grade point averages will vary however, the GPA formula is the aforementioned(prenominal) for each student. To check reliability over time, the GPA would be used to ensure the results are kindred over the research time period.The second dick will be used to check for internal consistency, known as the Time Management prove and Where Does Time Go? survey and questionnaire developed by Weinstein (2003) . The Cronbach of import (1975) instrument will measure the reliability of the answers from the surveys and questionnaires. the Cronbach alpha instrument is very useful because not only is it easily calculated, but it is also quite a general and can be applied universally. The Cronbach alpha (1975) formula can be applied through a variety of tests and other measurements.In referring to the Cronbach alpha (1975), the alpha level is a degree of reliability measurement which allows for the forecast of whether there is a opportunity of committing a Type 1 error, which is the prediction of chance that X exists. The Cronbach alpha (1975) assesses the reliability of a rate (measurement based on a pre-determined factor) by summarizing a group of test or survey answers (samples interpreted from a macrocosm or a population sample or census) which measure some implicit in(p) factor (e. g. some attributes of the test- taker).A score is computed from each test item and the overall rating o r scale, which is defined by the sum of these scores over all the test items. To establish whether the measures are consistent, a correlation is computed between the results obtained on the first organization of the survey or quiz to the following administrations. There are four uncontrollable variables of 1. ) practice and 2. ) fatigue 3. ) too short an interval, or 4. ) too few of the first test takers are not uncommitted for the posttests or surveys.To check internal consistency, the Cronbach alpha (1975) instrument will be used to evaluate the scores on the Time Management Quiz and Where Does Time Go? surveys at the beginning and the end of the research period. For checking cogency, the Cronbach alpha (1975) tool will be used to compare the scores at the start and the end of the research period, and also with the GPAs of the experimental group, the students receiving the time management strategies incorporated into their freshman orientation class.All of these instruments to gether will measure current academic levels (GPA), time usage, habits, and attitudes, as well as basic concepts (conceptual knowledge), and applications by using open-ended questions assigned to numerical values. To ensure validity and reliability, the time management strategies are well described in the research proposal, so others can conduct the study if desired. Explanation of Procedures Followed A random sample of 80 first- time college freshmen would given a time management survey, and asked to submit their grade point averages prior to the research period.Prior to starting the research, a consent form is mailed out to each randomly selected student. The form must be signed and returned before the student can participate in the study. The students names would be kept confidential by assigning numbers to students so that when data is reported, scores are identified only by a specific number. Also, the graduate students would be refreshed about confidentiality rules, and the imp ortance of keeping names of students included in the study, confidential.The time management would determine the students current knowledge and implementation of time management skills usage, habits, and attitudes, as well as basic concepts (conceptual knowledge), and applications by using open-ended questions assigned to numerical values. The time management strategies that the 40 freshman students in the experimental group will recieve, consists of 1. ) Assessing and planning the schedule. 2. ) Adjusting the schedule. 3. ) Evaluating and implementing the schedule.The control group, consisting of the other 40 first- time college freshmen, would take the freshman orientation class without the time management strategies incorporated. Both classrooms will be taught by the university professors with the assistance of graduate assistants for observation and monitoring. The research period will last a total of two semesters, to adequately measure and record academic achievement in regard s to the implementation or lack of time management skills. The students would be given the time management quiz again, the posttest, along with the submission of their GPAs.The differences in the improvement of academic performance would be examined. Discussion of congenital Validity There are four threats to internal validity in this study. The four threats are pendent characteristics, testing, history, and subject attitude. Subject characteristics could be a threat because the groups may be different according to gender, motivation, IQ, GPAs, socioeconomic status, and attitudes. In this study, to control validity, groups will be randomly assigned while maintaining an equal number of males and females elect for both groups. The second threat to validity is testing.Testing is a threat to validity because it can bring forth anxiety for students involved. To control validity, testing or surveys will be given to both groups at the same time and on the same day, with the nine month p eriod between both tests, while assume that the pretest or survey has an equal effect on both groups. The third threat to internal validity is history. History is a threat because poor use of time management (i. e. , previous bad grades, study habits, extracurricular activities, and academic boredom) at the school may affect students attitudes and interest towards time management and academic achievement.To control this threat to internal validity, documentation of any event that may occur and have an effect on the students, must be kept. It is also assumed that both groups would be affected equally by these events. The final threat to internal validity is subject attitude. Subject attitude is a threat because there is always the possibility of subjects altering or changing the behavior during a study. If the comparison or control group knows that the experimental group is receiving an enhanced version of the freshman orientation class (learning useful time management strategies an d techniques), it may affect posttest scores.To control this threat, a regular freshman orientation class shake up with fun, unique, and original enhancements should be provided. Discussion of External Validity This study will be guessd to all first- time college freshmen attending Mississippi State University, which is the accessible population. The study will be able to vulgarize to all first-time college and university freshmen in the state. Most of the schools in the state are similar in characteristics to the chosen university, olibanum making the school a representative population to the state.The studys results will not be able to generalize past the region because of the populations distinct characteristics. The results will be generalized to first-time college freshmen and academic improvement and not any other subject, because that is the subject the study involves. Time management strategies were not tested on other subject areas (i. e. , relationships, work), only ac ademic achievement, in this study. References Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970). The dynamics of action. New York Wiley. Balduf, M. , (2009). Underachievement among college students. Journal of go on Academics, 20, (2), 274-295.Coleman, H. L. K. , & Freedman, A. M. (1996). Effects of a coordinate group intervention on the achievement of academically at-risk undergraduates. Journal of College Student Development, 37, 631-636. Cronbach, L. J. (1975). Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 30 671-84. Dealtry, R. , (2004). The savvy learner. Journal of Workplace Learning, 16, 101-110. Gergen, K. J. (1991). The saturated self Dilemmas of identity in contemporary life. New York Basic Books. Greene, L. J. (1986). Kids who underachieve. New York Simon and Schuster. Hsieh, P. , Sullivan, J. R. & Guerra, N. S. (2007). A closer look at college students Self-efficacy and goal orientation. Journal of Advanced Academics, 18, 454-476. McCown, W. G. , Petzel, T. , & Rupert, T. (1987). An experimental study of some hypothesized behaviors and personality variables of college student procrastinators. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 781-786. Natale, J. A. (1995). Making smart cool. The executive Educator,17, 20-24. Rimm, S. (1997). An underachievement epidemic. Educational Leadership, 54, 18-22. Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist, 55, 79-88.Shim, S. , & Ryan, A. (2005). Changes in self-efficacy, challenge avoidance, and intrinsic value in solvent to grades The role of achievement goals. The Journal of Experimental Education, 73, 333-349. Vanheste, T. , Lens, W. , & Vandenberghe, R. (2001). Motivation and learning styles among college freshmen. Leuven University of Leuven. Weinstein, C. E. , (2003). Learning and study strategy inventory. Clearwater, FL H & H Publishing Company. Whitmore, J. R. (1989). Re-examining the concept of underachievement. Understanding Our Gifted, 2, 1, 7 -9. www. dictionary. com Appendix A Consent Form Iris HillThe University of West Alabama Research Proposal Title The Effectiveness of Time Management Strategies for Improving Academic Performance Among College Freshmen 1. What is the purpose of the study? The purpose of the study is to discover if time management strategies can improve academic performance among college freshman. There will not be any behavior modifications used however, the study will be based on the information received prior to the beginning of the study and after the time management strategies are implemented during the study. 2. How was I chosen? Eighty first-time college freshmen were andomly selected to participate 3. What will be involved in participating? The eighty in-coming college freshmen would be divided into two groups. The eighty students will complete a pretest before the research period begins. The pretest will assess whether or not the student actively uses time management strategies and the curre nt academic performance levels. The control group, consisting of forty students, will not receive any time management skills training during the freshman orientation class. The experimental group, consisting of forty students, would receive time management skills training during the reshman orientation class. Graduate students would be used to monitor and assist the freshman group with utilizing the time management strategies (experimental group) during the six month research period. At the end of the research period, both groups will be given a posttest, which is identical to the pretest. The results of the posttests of the experimental group will be compared to the results of the comparison group to determine if the effectiveness of time management strategies improved academic performance. 4. Who will know what I label? It is planned for the study to be published in a professional journal. 5.What risks and benefits are associated with participation? The risks are that there will be no change in academic performance, or time management strategies might be used and not needed. The benefits are that there are possible improvements in academic performance. 6. What are my rights as a respondent? You may ask questions regarding the research, and they will be answered fully. Your participation in the study is voluntary you may withdraw at any time. 7. What will be published? chase the completion of this research proposal, I plan to maintain my records for use in future publications and scholarly presentations.I plan to publish my findings as articles in professional journals, with the ultimate goal of publishing a defy or a chapter in a book. 8. If I want more information, whom can I make about the study? This study has been approved by the University of West Alabamas Internal Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects. This board can be contacted through the office of Mrs. Patricia Pratt. In addition, my research advisor, Dr. Reenay Rogers, can be conta cted at (205) 652-5423. ____________________________________________ Iris Hill, Project DirectorRespondents signature, date Appendix B license to Conduct ResearchThe University of West Alabama Iris Hill, Graduate Student 300 Carver Drive Livingston, AL 12345 September 1, 2011 Dr. James Stewart, Student Affairs Director Mississippi State University 123 College Avenue MSU, MS 39760 Dear Dr. Stewart, I would like to conduct a study using a random sample of in-coming college freshman for the 2011-2012 school year. The study proposes to research the effectiveness of time management strategies and skills on academic performance. The results of this study will improve the educational practice of professors and directly impact the study habits and skills, in regard to the academic achievement of students.The study will take place from September 15, 2011 to March 15, 2011. It will be conducted by me, Ms. Iris Hill, a current graduate student. I feel that this research study is a very worthwh ile endeavor for the students and the school. Please review the enclosed information in order to make a decision concerning the schools ability to conduct this research. A consent form has been included. Sincerely, Ms. Iris Hill The University of West Alabama Appendix C Explanation of Instrument or Copy of Instrument The students grade point average is an existing instrument that will be used in this study.The grade point average measures a students academic achievement at a college or university. It is calculated by dividing the total number of grade points received by the total number attempted. The grade point average adequately and logically measures the students comprehension in each subject area. The grade point average formula is appropriate for first-year college freshmen because it measures student academic achievement. The grade point averages will vary however, the GPA formula is the same for each student.To check reliability over time, the GPA would be used to ensure the results are similar over the research time period. The second instrument will be used to check for internal consistency, known as the Time Management Quiz and Where Does Time Go? survey and questionnaire developed by Weinstein (2003). The Cronbach alpha (1975) instrument will measure the reliability of the answers from the surveys and questionnaires. the Cronbach alpha instrument is very useful because not only is it easily calculated, but it is also quite general and can be applied universally.The Cronbach alpha (1975) formula can be applied through a variety of tests and other measurements. In referring to the Cronbach alpha (1975), the alpha level is a degree of reliability measurement which allows for the forecast of whether there is a probability of committing a Type 1 error, which is the prediction of chance that X exists. The Cronbach alpha (1975) assesses the reliability of a rating (measurement based on a pre-determined factor) by summarizing a group of test or survey ans wers (samples taken from a population or a population sample or census) which measure some underlying factor (e. . some attributes of the test- taker). A score is computed from each test item and the overall rating or scale, which is defined by the sum of these scores over all the test items. To establish whether the measures are consistent, a correlation is computed between the results obtained on the first administration of the survey or quiz to the following administrations. There are four uncontrollable variables of 1. ) practice and 2. ) fatigue 3. ) too short an interval, or 4. ) too few of the first test takers are not available for the posttests or surveys.To check internal consistency, the Cronbach alpha (1975) instrument will be used to evaluate the scores on the Time Management Quiz and Where Does Time Go? surveys at the beginning and the end of the research period. For checking validity, the Cronbach alpha (1975) tool will be used to compare the scores at the start and the end of the research period, and also with the GPAs of the experimental group, the students receiving the time management strategies incorporated into their freshman orientation class.All of these instruments together will measure current academic levels (GPA), time usage, habits, and attitudes, as well as basic concepts (conceptual knowledge), and applications by using open-ended questions assigned to numerical values. To ensure validity and reliability, the time management strategies are well described in the research proposal, so others can conduct the study if desired.