Oedipus the King - 810 Words

â€Å"Now my curse on the murderer. Whoever he is, a lone man unknown in his crime - or one among many, let that man drag out his life in agony, step by painful step - I curse myself as well †¦ if by any chance He proves to be an intimate of our house, Here at my hearth, with my full knowledge, May the curse I just called down on him strike me!†(p. 1137). Oedipus’s intense pride or hubris, and his steadfast determination to uncover the mystery of Laius’s murder ironically leads him to unwittingly curse himself. Oedipus is considered to be a perfect tragedy. A good tragedy will elicit pity and fear in its readers or viewers, causing them to experience a sense of release. Hubris is described in Greek tragedy as excessive pride or defiance of the gods. Hubris inevitably comes up almost every time you talk about a piece of ancient Greek literature. Theres no denying that Oedipus is a proud man. He has many reasons to be proud. Hes the one that saved Thebes from the Sphinx. If he hadnt come along and solved the Sphinxs riddle, the city would still be under its dominion. It seems that Oedipus rightly deserves the throne of Thebes. Determination and hubris are just a couple of Oedipuss primary character traits. Despite the important role of fate in the life of Oedipus, he is driven by his intense pride and determination, at times stubbornly, to pursue his goals. Determination proves to be more of a weakness than a blessing for Oedipus. . In the opening of Oedipus the King,Show MoreRelatedOedipus The King Of Oedipus868 Words   |  4 Pageschallenge that waits upon one. Confidence overpowers cockiness. The cocky trait is heavily represented in the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† (c. 430 B.C.) by Sophocles. In the story, Oedipus the king of Thebes has the cocky trait and it results in torture for life. Oedipus’s arrogant personality shows throughout the story as he tries to find the killer of the former king of Thebes, his father. Oedipus tends to deem himself as a god throughout the story which plays a big role in interaction with people around himRead MoreOedipus The King : Oedipus1328 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King Oedipus had a lot of different character traits both good and bad. He had a good conscience; he cared deeply for the people in his life and protected them. He was very empathetic, smart and a dependable man who lived his life with great integrity. He was an honest man with strong moral principles and lived a righteous life. He found it difficult to live anything less than a righteous life; when he realized what had become of his life, his guilty conscience consumed him. He was filledRead MoreOedipus The King Of Oedipus1019 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes Oedipus actions in his quarrel with Teiresias and also throughout the play so dramatically compelling, is the fact that the audience knows the outcome of the story. We know Oedipus fate even before he does, and there is no suspense about the outcome itself, instead, the audience anxiously awaits Oedipus to reveal his fate unto himself in his desperate quest to rid his city of the terrible plague, or maybe even more so, to simply d iscover his own unfortunate tale. Oedipus is relentlessRead MoreOedipus the King1125 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King by Sophocles is about Oedipus, a man doomed by his fate. Like most tragedies, #8220;Oedipus the King#8221; contains a tragic hero, a heroic figure unable to escape his/her own doom. This tragic hero usually has a hamartia or a tragic flaw which causes his/hers#8217; downfall. The tragic flaw that Sophocles gives Oedipus is hubris (exaggerated pride or self-confidence), which is what caused Oedipus to walk right into the fate he sought to escape. Pride like that of Oedipus hadRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a social satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreOedipus the King1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmen of high reputation and good fortune such as Oedipus.† This attitude, commonly found in men of high station is not specifically identified as pride in the case of Oedipus and, indeed, different readings can place Oedipus’ great flaw in a number of areas. It seems as if Sophocles intended to emphasize the more common interpr etation of Oedipus’ flaw being excessive pride, but other interpretations, such as Pier Paolo Pasolini’s 1967 film Oedipus Rex, present other possibilities as the main characterRead MoreOedipus the King773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek drama Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is regarded as one of the most perfect tragedies ever written. The tragedy Oedipus the King is highly esteemed partly due to its use of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony means that facts or events, which are not known to the characters on stage or in a fictional work, are known to the audience or reader. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to demonstrate how little the protagonist really knows. The main dramatic irony in Oedipus the King contrasts Oedipus’sRead MoreOedipus The King, Or Oedipus Rex1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmost famous probably being Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, or Oedipus Rex. For a play to be considered a tragedy, it must have a tragic hero. According to Aristotleâ €™s definition of a tragic hero, they must be a decent moral person, of high social standing who eventually meets with a tragic downfall, of their own doing, suffering more than deserved, and realizing their error too late. In the play Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the epitome of a tragic hero. Oedipus Rex was generally a â€Å"good† person; heRead MoreOedipus The King And Oedipus At Colonus1567 Words   |  7 Pagesworks of Sophocles and particularly evident in Oedipus the King and Oedipus at Colonus, not only exalts the Greek nationalism present at the date of composition but dictates the course of the story, evolving as its tragic hero works through his fated anguish. Hubris, defined as exaggerated pride or self-confidence, is the earmark character trait of Oedipus and perhaps Creon. However, it is the abandonment of his sanctimonious nature that distinguishes Oedipus as a true hero. The theme of the evolutionRead MoreOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying tha t†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Greek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of wines

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 1492 Words

One must always be able to see the flaws in their idols. The play Hamlet centers on protagonist Hamlet as he questions whether to take revenge against his uncle for killing his father or leave him alive. Written by William Shakespeare in the early 17th century, Hamlet addresses motifs of indecisiveness, insanity, as well as death and suicide. Furthermore, the majority of these motifs are left up to interpretation. Throughout the play, the family, friends, and acquaintances of Hamlet insist that he has lost his mind drowning in his melancholy over his father’s death. Some may argue that he remains in this state of mind throughout the play. However, it is clear that Hamlet develops more clarity of thought by his final soliloquy. Through the contrast between Hamlet’s thoughts and actions in Act II and IV, Shakespeare effectively establishes Hamlet’s sanity by the end of the play. Furthermore, through this Shakespeare also establishes the catalyst behind Hamletâ€⠄¢s decisions in his third and sixth soliloquies to be his idolization of others. The fact that Hamlet looks at situations with a narrowed perspective contributes to his lack of clarity of thought at the beginning of the play. Furthermore, the fact that Hamlet is able to look as situations with a more broad perspective by Act 4 establishes his character development. In his third soliloquy, Hamlet states in lines 563-565, â€Å"What would he do/ Had he the motive and the cue for passion/ That I have? He would drown the stageShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate himself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare900 Words   |  4 PagesIn this story Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, there was an excessive deal of questions surrounding Hamlet’s mental state. Claudius’s nephew hadn’t been the same since his father passed away. It’s been up for discussion as if he’s actually senseless surrounding the death, or the wedding between his mom and uncle. Gertrude and the King married approximately a month or two after the funeral. At this point it’s not actually established what the cause of his actions is. Was Hamlet at fault for Polonius’s

Sociology and Teaching Egalitarian Society

Question: Describe about the Sociology and Teaching for Egalitarian Society. Answer: Is Australia an egalitarian society? - Your answer should focus on economic inequality and class, or gender. An egalitarian society refers to a society that values equality among its people. Therefore, it treats all her people equally and provides equal opportunities in political, economic, and social rights. Further, an egalitarian society seeks to eliminate various forms of inequality which leads to discrimination founded on ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation or race (Henslin Elder, 2015). This understanding leads to the question is Australia an egalitarian society? Australia as a society has undergone evolution since the colonial era. In the course of her development, it abandoned the class barriers of colonialist and spread the political and the economic opportunities more than the colonial masters. However, Australia's egalitarian, democratic trends were hampered by greedy capitalists. Thus, the egalitarian, democratic reformers would not implement the social and political policies that could have annihilated elements such as; political, economic, and social inequality (T hompson, 1994). The development of efficient transport and communication networks has facilitated to globalization. Globalization, therefore, has significantly contributed to the probe of Australia as an egalitarian society. The probe is founded on the increase of income disparities among the Australians. Hence, the question what is causing the economic disparity and what government should do to curb it. Lawrence (2015) argues that the rise in economic inequality is a normal impact of globalization, hence, unavoidable. Glover (2015) on the other hand, argues that the economic inequality is a result of national factors that could be avoided. Ken Henry, a former Treasury secretary, argues that economic globalization may impact on the national economy but the magnitude of the impact is determined by the development policies propelling the national economy. Thus, as a result of unjust policies Australian society has grown unequal more than at any stage in her history as a country. The levels of disparit y are such that 1% of the adult population possess 60% of the country's wealth, while the rest have only the consumer durables and no net wealth at all. Walmsley (1997) attribute the economic disparity to three factors which include taxation, new technology, and globalization, and finally the diminishing of union movements. The government has implemented tax policies that reduce tax rates progression hence emphasizing on the indirect taxes. Similarly, the decline of the labour movement has denied the citizenry the ability of collective bargaining to individual negotiation. This reduction has allowed exploitation of workers and less growth of their incomes. Additionally, new technology and globalization have offered a few opportunities to access the global market. Professionals such as sportspeople, entertainers, and other high profile professionals have ventured into the world market. The world market thus has increased significantly the income of only a handful of individuals. Attempts to invite expatriates to head the Australian firms have forced the government to increase the salaries and benefits of all the chief executive's offi cers hence creating excessively wealthy individuals (Holmes Julian, 2014). Such economic inequalities reflect what Karl Marx perceived as social inequalities resulting from class-ridden capitalist societies, where bourgeoisies exercise political and economic power over the workers, hence, control all means of production. This argument by Marx is mirrored by the Australian society today in which, class interests are intrinsically tied to the Australian development policies furthering the disparity. To ensure the issue of economic disparity remains hidden, misrepresented, and misunderstood the government authorities deliberately fails to include the data of income inequality in the government financial reports. It is explicit that Marx concepts present economic key which illustrates the foundations of the unequal trade which leads to the economic inequality. Cementing profit on the basis of private property perpetuates the economic inequality. To remedy this form of inequality Marx Weber suggests a harmonization of capital and labour, which results to non-eco nomic disparity (Glover, 2015). In the last quarter of a century, Australian society has made tremendous progress to reduce discrimination against minority groups and especially women. However, gender disparity is still prevailing; women in some companies earn less than their male counterparts in the same positions. Similarly, men are denied equal access to parental leaves and other family policies enjoyed by women. Though such gender inequality exists a lot have been achieved through allowing both genders equal access to education, job opportunities, rewards, and resources. Besides, all the Australian government policies and decision-making process reflects the needs of women and the minority groups. As a result, the Australian government has implemented policies that enhance greater choices and opportunities for women. To illustrate its commitment to the issues of gender equality Australian government is a signatory to the CEDAW-Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (Stilwell Jordan, 2007). In conclusion, with such issues affecting the Australian society, it cannot be categorized as an ideal egalitarian society. Although the growth of industries has contributed to better living of the workers, it has created opportunities for bourgeoisies to amass unjust wealth. It should be clear to all Australians that in the midst of pseudo sustainable economic growth, the crisis of inequality and poverty are exacerbating. Moreover, they should be cognisant of the fact that a democracy that is founded on the egalitarian principles should be reflected in all facets of life. Political and economic inequalities are therefore inconsistent with the egalitarian principles hence the need to eliminate such disparities. What is state power and how might it be important in the sociological study of one or more of the following: ethnicity, aboriginality? In political sociology, state power can be traced to three developmental stages of a state which include: multiplicity of state functions, the necessity of the state, and territorialized centrality of the state. The necessity of the state implies that every civilized people are organized under a single authority which is limited in scope. The multiplicity of state functions refers to the domestic and the international roles the government plays. Territorialized centrality of the state entails the territorial bounders and the institutions under which the state power is exercised (Coakley, 2012). Thus, the autonomous state power is characterized by two understandings. One understanding connotes despotic powers, that is, the power which is exercised without any control, routine or institution and without any negotiations with civil groups. The second understanding implies infrastructural powers, that is, a power which is implemented within systems and through political participation. Th erefore, where state power is exercised fairly, the societies are organized, centralized, and territorialized. In Marx Weber analysis of the state power he distinguishes between power and authority. Weber view power as the coercion of individuals by use of threats while authority is the legal use of power in which individuals act upon orders because they are just and right. Marx further points out that if state powers are utilized for political gains, it disintegrates a cohesive society into ethnic cocoons. In the modern societies, ethnicity constitutes a basis of identity. Hence, ethnicity is a term that is used to communicate an idea of shared traditions, culture, and a way of life (Irfan, 2014). Moreover, sharing is be mirrored in material culture, for example, food, and clothing, cultural products for instance arts and music, religion or language. Ethnicity, therefore, plays a significant role in enhancing social conflict or social cohesion. The state power thus can be utilized to build social cohesion or social conflict through creating ethnic equality or inequalities. The importance of the state power on the issue of ethnicity can be viewed through sociological perspectives such as conflict theory, functionalism, and social interaction theory (Enloe, 1980). In the view of the conflict theory, the state should use its powers to foster economic, social, and political inequality to the ethnic group that critiques the structure and the policies of the government. According to the theory, the state power is, therefore, a tool to control resources, institutions, and politics which constitute a society. However, conflict theory offers a sound basis for demanding social change. The subjugated ethnic group should demand even distribution of power, political, and economic rights. Ludwig perceives civilization as a result of conflict between ethnic groups. The social forces are organized regarding the ethnic struggle to safeguard the interests and the ideologies of the group. To succeed various means are employed including capturing some of the state apparatus. Further, the oppressed ethnic group may utilize their economic and social power to upset the government policies. In the midst of the social conflicts, it is the role of the state power to maintain social order and preserve the existing hierarchies of power (Hattam, 2014). In the perspective of the functionalism, state power should promote ethnic inequalities because it serves a critical function for the society existence. This idea is, however, contentious and problematic. Does lead to questions such as, how discrimination can render positive results in society? Sociologists who are subscribed to this school of thought, however, argue that ethnic discrimination and inequality contribute positively to the dominant groups. Also, they perceive discrimination against a given ethnic group as a source of close ties which promote social cohesion within the group. This cohesion can have immense political and economic benefits in search for recognition. Further, the close ties offer the cultural and emotional support needed by those individuals who feel mistreated by the dominant group (Osaghae, 1996). In the symbolic interaction theory, the state power utilizes strong symbols from a given ethnic group hence creating a given identity which leads to discrimination and inequality. Ahmar (1996) argues that the use of such symbols the dominant ethnic group creates an abstract picture of the subordinate ethnic groups hence sustaining the status quo. When the state power chooses a particular symbol from a certain ethnic group, it enhances a culture of prejudice. Such images influence the thought process of the citizenry thus fuelling social conflict (Migdal Shue, 1994). In conclusion, state power contributes to understanding how society is organized. Maintenance of social cohesion is dependent on how the state power is exercised. To enhance stable social cohesion, the state power must be applied justly and equitably, thus, providing social, political, and economic opportunities to all the ethnic groups. Promotion of inequality results to the social conflict which may lead to genocide or war. State power, therefore, should be implemented in a manner that justifies state dominance. Additionally, the government should utilize its powers to create mutual appreciation among various ethnic groups. The mutual recognition should be tested through the incorporation of symbols from different ethnic communities and is accepted by all the ethnic groups constituting the state. The channels through which state power is exercised should be structured to ensure the legitimate exercise of power. References Ahmar, M. (1996). Ethnicity and State Power in Pakistan: The Karachi Crisis. Asian Survey, 36(10), 1031-1048. Coakley, J. (2012). Nationalism, ethnicity and the state: making and breaking nations. Sage. Enloe, C. H. (1980). Police, military, and ethnicity: Foundations of state power. Transaction Books. Glover, D. (2015). An economy is not a society: Winners and losers in the new Australia (Vol. 7). Black Inc. Hattam, V. C. (2014). Labor visions and state power: The origins of business unionism in the United States. Princeton University Press. Henslin, J. M., Possamai, A. M., Possamai-Inesedy, A. L., Marjoribanks, T., Elder, K. (2015). Sociology: A down to earth approach. Pearson Higher Education AU. Holmes, D., Hughes, K., Julian, R. (2014). Australian sociology. Pearson Australia. Irfan, M. D. (2014). Nationalism, Ethnicity and the State: Making and Breaking Nations by John Coakley. London: Sage. Lawrence, C. (2015). Inequality, civil Society and social solidarity. Australian Options, (82), 25. Migdal, J. S., Kohli, A., Shue, V. (1994). State power and social forces: domination and transformation in the Third World. Cambridge University Press. Osaghae, E. E. (1996). Ethnicity, class and the struggle for state power in Liberia (Vol. 1). Codesria. Stilwell, F., Jordan, K. (2007). Who gets what?: analysing economic inequality in Australia. Cambridge University Press. Thompson, E. (1994). Fair enough: egalitarianism in Australia. Thomas Telford. Walmsley, D. J., Weinand, H. C. (1997). Is Australia becoming more unequal?. The Australian Geographer, 28(1), 69-88.

Nuclear Family Debate Essay Example For Students

Nuclear Family Debate Essay A  family  is a  group  of  people  who  live  together. They share the housework and take care of one another. There are three types of family:  nuclear family,  single-parent family  and  extended family. A  Nuclear Family  is made up of father, mother and one or more children living together. A Joint Family made up of father, mother, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, nieces, and nephews. The nuclear family is not a recent phenomenon, but has existed in many cultures throughout human history. Indeed, the extended family of several generations is found mostly in relatively advanced, stable, and affluent, but not yet industrialized societies. Very primitive and very sophisticated societies seem to prefer the nuclear family model. However, nuclear families can vary in the degree of their isolation and restrictedness. For example, before the Industrial Revolution the Western nuclear family was often embedded in a larger social unit, such as a farm or estate, an aristocratic court, or a village populated by relatives. Many older city neighbourhoods also kept kinship ties strong, and thus even very small families remained open to the community. Family visits might be frequent and extended; children might freely circulate and feel at home in several households. The traditional nuclear family basically is made up of a father, mother and a couple of children or so, and hence is compact and small. The father’s role is of providing for the family as well as protecting it, while also being the family’s disciplinary role model. The woman’s role within the traditional nuclear family consists of housework and motherhood. In recent decades, this traditional form of the family has undergone major changes, with increasing rates of divorce leading to single-parent families, remarriages, resulting in extended families. These trends and the resulting problems that they cause, especially for the children, has brought the advantages of traditional nuclear families back into focus. So, Here are Some of the Main Advantages of the Nuclear Family: A Stable Environment:  Children raised in a family with the same parents during their growing years have a higher likelihood of having stability in their relationship and emotional bonding. Children that grow up in a single-parent household have higher chances of feeling a sense of loss regarding the absent parent, and miss out on the advantage of the emotional support and dual insights that both a father and a mother can provide. Behavioural Stability:  With both the father and the mother, children get a better sense of what is acceptable and unacceptable, as far as behaviour is concerned, especially when both the parents look after their nurturing. When both parents agree on the kind of behaviour that they want from their children, it adds authority, and thus can be instilled in a better way. Sharing Responsibility:  With two parents sharing the responsibility of raising the children, it enables one parent to take time to pursue other interests or get a rest while the other parent plays or works with the children. Children that are raised in a traditional nuclear family also tend to take on some of the sharing of the responsibilities, such as older siblings taking care of younger siblings. In a nuclear family, such roles are usually performed by expectation and example, rather than formal instruction. Skill building: When a child is a member of a nuclear family, the child will often receive more extensive life skills training as a result. For example, a mother is more likely to teach relationship skills, such as how to get along with others and emotional response skills while a father is more likely to challenge a child to develop sports or handiwork skills, such as how to hit a baseball or how to fix things, and how to relate to the outside world such as employment skills or driving skills. Physical and Emotional Support:  Nuclear families usually have more physical and emotional resources with which they can reinforce the whole. Through observing their parents and by following the examples set by them, children learn how to help in the building of the family.

Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas

Background, products/services, and markets Tico Mas is a fast-food organisation that operates in the American market. Its first store opened in California in 2010.Today, it has 15 more stores in different states within the US. The organisation offers products such as vegetable salads, beef hamburgers, fruit juices, coffee, ice creams, French fries, chicken hamburgers, and pizza. It now mainly focuses on the American markets, although the company plans to expand into international markets in its effort to increase profitability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, it is considering targeting the Asian markets in the future. Although the business is predominantly a product-based organisation, customer services are considered an important aspect of enhancing future growth. In the fast-food sector, issues such as the rate of serving custo mers and effective management of employees-customer relations are all important aspects of service delivery, which the management believes Tico Mas can use in building its long-term competitive advantage not only in the American markets, but also in other anticipated global markets. Role of strategic marketing As Tico Mas manager, I have the responsibility of leading work teams to achieve the organisation’s short-term and long-term growth strategies. To help in building organisational success, strategic marketing is incredibly important. What role can it play at Tico Mas? Tico Mas must apply effective strategic marketing efforts to remain relevant and/or gain market share that can enable it to break even. The objective of any company is to deliver values to its owners (Kotler Armstrong 2008). For Tico Mas, this value is expressed in terms of its returns on investments. With the increasing concerns about the role of organisations in delivering value to not only the owners, bu t also other stakeholders who have vested interests in the performance of an organisation as Kotler and Armstrong (2008) confirm, Tico Mas deploys principles of strategic marketing to portray itself as a business that engages in activities in a socially responsible manner. Strategic marketing entails a group of continuous activities and comprehensive processes that organisations use to systematise and align resources. Activities in strategic marketing are aligned with the organisation’s mission, vision, and plans (Dess, Lumpkin Taylor 2005). Through strategic marketing, Tico Mas acquires a mechanism for changing static plans into strategic performance outcomes that help it to initiate key decisions and/or enable business strategies to gradually develop as change opportunities. Indeed, strategic marketing provides avenues for probable organisational growth by creating an effective mechanism for analysing Tico Mas’ strategic goals, which include its vision, mission, and objectives alongside the analysis of the organisation’s internal and external environment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategic marketing determines the success of Tico Mas since it provides a potential way of aligning the organisation’s marketing plans with strategies for gaining a competitive advantage. Various strategies can be used in gaining a competitive advantage. These strategies include pursuing the low-cost scheme to help in driving success for an organisation and conducting extensive promotion of products to win customer confidence (Dess, Lumpkin Taylor 2005). Cost drop focuses on reducing the charges for various products and services in the industries. It aims at increasing profit while at the same time reducing the operational costs. Process of implementing a strategic marketing strategy With the knowledge on where to market and/or how to do marketing, the next important issue in strategic marketing for Tico Mas is the development of a mechanism for putting marketing strategic plans in place. Implementation of marketing strategic plans at the organisation has five steps. The first step is the evaluation of the plans to eliminate any unrealistic elements, the likely excessive cost, and the implementation time. The second step entails setting the vision for implementation of the plan. This step also involves setting goals such that the organisation can know whether the plan is effective if the goals are attained. The third step is the setting of a team to implement the plan. The team must understand the goals and the inevitability of the plans. The fourth step involves setting and scheduling various group meetings that are aimed at discussing the plan implementation progress. The fifth step entails bringing all management executives on board to help in analysing the progress and achievement of the marketing plans. This p rocedure ensures that they also become part of the plan. Hence, if problems arise, brainstorming can be initiated to help in their (problem) alleviation. The Link between Marketing and Corporate Strategy Corporate level strategies aim at examining what an organisation does together with its command decisions. These decisions include determining whether a business establishment deserves to diversify into new regions, developing partnerships with other rival companies, and/or abandoning certain product lines to focus on the most profitable ones (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2013). Marketing ensures that the concern of corporate strategies is achieved by developing appropriate plans for positioning and attracting customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tico Mas’ long-term marketing strategy outlines its growth and increased performance int ention within a specified time. The organisation has a variety of corporate-level strategies to assist in its continued growth. It focuses on staying in a single activity in the industry with the chief purpose of creating a competitive position. Marketing ensures the attraction of customers so that an organisation can gain a competitive advantage through increased sales and profitability. Thus, through marketing, Tico Mas can establish a strong worldwide brand image and loyalty. As a corporate strategy, Tico Mas can focus on vertical integration. This technique aids in reducing costs via provision of methodologies that uphold forward integration, establishment of allotment channels, and the checking of input and outputs. In this process, marketing plays a significant role in ensuring communication of the organisation’s products to target customers so that the distribution channels can increase the company’s efficiency in supplies. Theories in Strategic Marketing Planni ng Strategic marketers deploy different models of marketing planning. The 3Cs framework aids in developing a detailed approval of issues in the strategic operational setting. The marketing mix positioning is perhaps well explained through Ansoff’s matrix model. When pursuing a given marketing plan, the 4Ps model aids in developing a clear understanding of the market targeting strategy (Shaw 2012). In determining the long-term implications of altering any element of the 4Ps, customers-lifetime-value model helps to visualise the changes. It is also important to access the market in which an organisation sells its products and services during marketing planning. In this extent, PESTLE and SWOT analysis models are important (Shaw 2012). Tico Mas deploys 4Ps and PESTLE models in marketing planning. Tico Mas targets markets after considering the PESTLE approach for analysis of the market dynamics. However, based on the 4Ps, namely product, place, price, and promotion model, before conducting the PESTLE approach for analysing markets, the organisation has developed criteria for selecting the location of its stores in the effort to ensure easy positioning. First, the most appropriate location is the one that does not have large fast-food outlets within a radius of a minimum of 1 Kilometre. A large amount of space should also be available at low cost. The regulations and laws that govern the operation of large and medium enterprises should also be developer-friendly. In the promotion process, new and traditional media platforms are deployed.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More PESTLE is the acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that influence a marketing planning strategy (Gerry, Kevan Whittington 2005). For Tico Mas, the political environment influences the operations of the company via taxing policies since the company must pay charges in the form of taxes to the nations wherever the company has established stores and franchises. The management must also comply with environmental regulations, tariffs, and employment laws that have been established within the US. From the perspective of economic factors, Tico Mas’ operational economic environment is characterised by rapidly fluctuating customer tastes and preferences, which influence its financial performance in terms of increased costs of running business. Social factors act as incredible success elements that influence Tico Mas because customers are concerned with safety standards of the foods that the organisation offers. Hence, enhancing hygi ene and safety standards of all foods that are offered for sale at Tico Mas helps in retaining and attracting new clients. People who have a first-time experience with the company always send an impressive message to other potential clients. Technologically, Tico Mas plans to deploy the internet to accomplish tasks such as making it possible for customers to make price comparisons of various fast-food alternatives from other organisations in the industry. Through the power of the internet in enhancing quick communication, technology is also important in helping to send promotional materials through blogs and direct interaction with customers on social media. However, it also poses challenges in case negative profiling is sent through the same media. In fact, it takes a long time to remove a bad image concerning an organisation’s products than to create positive images of the same (Dess, Lumpkin Taylor 2005). Tico Mas is also incredibly concerned with its environmental impact s. Fast foods are packaged. The manner of disposing packaging materials has become an issue of concern to the company. It determines whether the company is environmentally conscious or not. Indeed, waste disposal is an important issue to Tico Mas because organisations are required by law to put in place strategies for proper waste disposal as the world endeavours to become environmentally green. This expectation is true in the US and even in other parts of the world where the company plans to open outlets. How Tico Mas implements its Strategic Positioning Tico Mas implements its strategic marketing positioning by offering low-cost and healthy products. Indeed, the offered products have low calories. Hence, they are easily marketed since they meet the growing trend for healthy eating in a bid to avoid challenges such as obesity and its associated diseases that include hypertension. While marketing the products this way, Tico Mas believes that it has an opportunity for building a bran d and its assets and liabilities based on healthy foods. It believes that while large competing corporations such as McDonald’s are attempting to change their brand images from that of unhealthy to healthy foods, Tico Mas stands a better opportunity for building a good brand image right from the beginning. Relationship Promotion and Success of the Activities One of the critical challenges in marketing entails getting and keeping clientele to make repeated sales. Relationship marketing helps in resolving this challenge. It entails marketing efforts that are aimed at fostering customer retention and satisfaction, rather than focusing mainly on sales transactions (Mukherjee 2007). For Tico Mas, customer retention is incredibly important in driving its success. Its slogan is ‘come once and you will be guaranteed to come back again.’ To actualise this slogan, building and maintaining customer relationships is incredibly important. Relationship marketing finds far-fetc hed applications in the organisation. Tico Mas recognises the value of customers in building long-term business relationships. It appreciates that customer communication needs to extend beyond advertising and sales promotions. Employees are required to maintain positive customer relationships since they (workers) act as the point of contact between Tico Mas and its customers. Thus, employees are critical to enhancing the success of relationship marketing activities in the organisation. Customer satisfaction also encompasses another important aspect of successful relationship marketing. Tico Mas’ customers can always consider eating elsewhere. Hence, without their satisfaction, attracting repeated sales to help in establishing the relationship during the first purchase is problematic. Growth Opportunity The American market is saturated with fast-food organisations. However, Tico Mas still has a growth opportunity by expanding into international markets. However, this opportuni ty makes the organisation susceptible to varying cultural influences. Therefore, the strategy also calls for product diversification to meet the cultural needs of different people in the global fast-food markets. Strategies such as promotion and positioning of various products, especially in the Asian market, are an important aspect of an internationalisation approach for the organisation. Introduction of chicken burgers, rather than offering beef burgers, followed by their promotion in the Chinese and Indian bazaars can be an incredible source of growth. This diversification counters cultural influences in the new international market. Chinese and Indian people prefer chicken to beef (Goldman, Santos Tully 2008). Evaluating the preferences of other international fast-food markets can reveal a different cultural preference. Through its creative and innovative team for new products design, Tico Mas can develop appropriate products to meet the specific needs of the new markets. Suita ble Marketing Strategy for the Chosen Market Tico Mas can pursue different marketing strategies. However, as noted before, it will be pursuing the low-price strategy in the effort to gain competitive advantage. Nevertheless, this task should be done during the first five years of operation, particularly in India and China where competition is anticipated to be less as compared to the US. Building customer relationships constitutes the key marketing strategy that will help in building a long-term positive brand image. Before any attempt is made to place a promotion on any media platform, effort should be made to clear any negative profiling of the fast food in the news media, including social media. In this effort, Tico Mas deploys the strategy of providing information that not all fast foods have the claimed negative implication on the health of their consumers by ensuring that people who use new media are one of the target audiences of Tico Mas communication strategies. The interne t is deployed as the main media for communication. Online communication strategy for Tico Mas can be realised through a myriad of modalities. These modalities are driven by two main objectives. The first objective is to establish a two-way form of conversation between the organisation and its potential customers. The second objective include the provision of well thought and implementable details that relate to the measures taken by Tico Mas to ensure that the company adapts to the new markets and that it can secure a quantifiable market share. Appropriate Strategic Marketing Objective for the New Market and Marketing Mix The objective of strategic marketing for Tico Mas is to derive strategies that can make it gain competitive advantage in relation to other organisations that operate in the fast-food industry. In this endeavour, the strategy for Tico Mas in the Asian market is to focus on price, products, place, and promotion, or simply the 4Ps of the marketing mix, to survive. Usi ng the 4Ps appropriately ensures that it remains significant in a highly competitive market environment. Marketing Strategy Based on Marketing Mix Variables Marketing mix encompasses different choices that organisations make to ensure that their products or services are availed to the market at the right price and using the appropriate promotional strategies (Kotler Armstrong 2008). Marketing mix for Tico Mas products in the Asian market (India and China) involves four mains aspects, which include position, charges, advertising, and merchandise. Products for the market should be designed to meet the emerging consumer needs, especially with higher concerns of healthy eating as a targeting strategy. Introducing products that meet the definition of healthy foods is instrumental in enhancing the success of Tico Mas, considering that high-calorie foods are linked to obesity and its associated ailments such as hypertension. The company’s stores form the place of sale of the produc ts. This place is justified by the fact that healthy eating is an issue of global concern. The company also needs to ensure that the offered products and services in all stores are consistent. A failure to achieve this goal can erode the brand positioning strategy (healthy and low-cost food). In most instances, Tico Mas potential customers receive information about the need to stop consuming fast foods from the internet and social media. Consequently, this platform is one of the promotional media tools that the company should consider. In fact, through these media platforms, it is also possible to reach a large number of people globally with minimal expenditure of Tico Mas’ financial resources, especially when social media is adopted. Customers share promotional information among themselves. Point-of-sale promotion is also an additional cost-effective promotional technique that is consistent with relationship marketing approaches that the company deploys. Changes in the Exter nal Environment The fast-food industry is rapidly changing with more emphasis on the need to develop healthier products. Since its inception, Tico Mas business model has been based on providing an alternative to people who do not wish to carry homemade foods in their workplaces or people who wish to eat out. Unfortunately, the external environment has incredibly changed since nutritionists and other health practitioners are instructing people to avoid fast foods due to their association with preventable health problems such as obesity and hypertension. This change influences the company’s marketing strategy. Consumers may attribute the low-price strategy to poor quality and unhealthiness of Tico Mas products. The main challenge is how to create a perception that Tico Mas’ operations in the fast-food industry do not mean that it offers unhealthy food products. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Current Marketing Strategy The current marketing strategy aims at creating more awareness of the organisation’s products to make more sales in the US market. One of the strengths of the current strategy is that the company is recording increasing growth in the domestic market. The situation has resulted in a growing brand image. Therefore, inclusion of new healthy products is a further indication of Tico Mas’ flexibility to meet the needs of its customers. Many people also regard the organisation as offering hygienically prepared products. Therefore, customers are not expected to question the hygienic and quality aspects of its foods, including potential additions to the product line. Amid the strengths of the current marketing strategy, the technique has some has weakness. Weakness or limitations are the characteristics of a marketing strategy that places an organisation at a disadvantaged position in comparison with other organisations in the same industry (Kotler Armstrong 2008). One of the subtle weaknesses of Tico Mas current marketing stra tegy is attributed to the fact that the company declines offering food services at discounted rates for first-time customers. This situation hinders the success of an attempt to establish initial positive relationships by showing regard to its first timers. The company also witnesses intensive competition from other fast-food providers such as Starbucks and McDonald’s among many others. These organisations have a large market share. This case makes Tico Mas suffer from advantages that are associated with large economies of scale such as offering products and services at low prices to the extent of breaking even and/or operating within the profitability range of cost versus quantity curve. Therefore, although the low-cost strategy is a marketing strategy, it presents the weakness of the likelihood of the failure to break even by selling fewer products. Key Emerging Themes In any marketing strategy, factors or elements that hinder the success of the developed marketing planning strategies (barriers) are inevitable. Menon (1999, p. 31) identifies marketing planning barriers such as ‘inadequate management support, failure to coordinate and comply with plans, and failure to understand the customer needs’. In the effort to ensure that the marketing planning that an organisation adopts is effective in realising its objectives, the business also attempts to overcome barriers such as improper communication management, inability to manage change properly, and incapacity to make an accurate prediction of the environmental responses towards the enacted marketing planning strategies. For the success of Tico Mas marketing strategy, the company needs to respond to potential barriers quickly and ardently. Responding to the above emerging themes can be done by formulating and implementing an evaluation programme for the marketing strategy. This way, it becomes possible to identify barriers to effective marketing in good time and take measures to overcome th em. For instance, overcoming poor communication can be effected through the enactment of effective communication processes. This step entails scrapping one-way bureaucratic communication process, which characterises Tico Mas, and adopting the two-way communication method. In the two-way communication process, information flows from the top to down and then down to the top so that the top-most communication personnel can identify the effectiveness of the communication strategies within an organisation. Where miscommunication occurs, effective strategies to correct the misunderstandings, which might have negative implications for the brand image, should be sought. References Dess, G, Lumpkin, G Taylor, M 2005, Strategic Management, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, NY. Gerry, J, Kevan, S Whittington, R 2005, Exploring corporate strategy: text and cases, Prentice Hall, London. Goldman, E, Santos, T Tully, S 2008, Observation of leadership and organisational behaviour at McDonald’s , . Hitt, M, Ireland, R Hoskisson, R 2013, Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competitiveness and globalisation, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Kotler, P Armstrong G, 2008, Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, NJ. Menon, A 1999, ‘Antecedents and Consequences of Marketing Strategy Making,’ Journal of Marketing, vol. 63 no. 2, pp. 18–40. Mukherjee, K 2007, Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Approach to Marketing, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. Shaw, E 2012, ‘Marketing strategy: From the origin of the concept to the development of a conceptual framework’, Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 30–55. This essay on Strategic Marketing Plan for Tico Mas was written and submitted by user Nathalie Mercado to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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(note that the equations hold for all values of x) In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (or ODE) is a relation that contains functions of only one independent variable, and one or more of their derivatives with respect to that variable. A simple example is Newtons second law of motion, which leads to the differential equation for the motion of a particle of constant mass m. In general, the force F depends upon the position x(t) of the particle at time t, and thus the unknown function x(t) appears on both sides of the differential equation, as is indicated in the notation F(x(t)). Ordinary differential equations are distinguished from partial differential equations, which involve partial derivatives of functions of several variables. Ordinary differential equations arise in many different contexts including geometry, mechanics, astronomy and population modelling. Many famous mathematicians have studied differential equations and contributed to the field, including Newton, Leibniz, the Bernoulli family, Riccati, Clairaut, dAlembert and Euler. Much study has been devoted to the solution of ordinary differential equations. In the case where the equation is linear, it can be solved by analytical methods. Unfortunately, most of the interesting differential equations are non-linear and, with a few exceptions, cannot be solved exactly. Approximate solutions are arrived at using computer approximations. The trajectory of a projectile launched from a cannon follows a curve determined by an ordinary differential equation that is derived from Newtons second law. Ordinary differential equation Let y be an unknown function in x with y(n) the nth derivative of y, and let F be a given function then an equation of the form is called an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of order n. If y is an unknown vector valued function , it is called a system of ordinary differential equations of dimension m (in this case, F : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ mn+1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ m). More generally, an implicit ordinary differential equation of order n has the form where F : à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ n+2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚  depends on y(n). To distinguish the above case from this one, an equation of the form is called an explicit differential equation. A differential equation not depending on x is called autonomous. A differential equation is said to be linear if F can be written as a linear combination of the derivatives of y together with a constant term, all possibly depending on x: with ai(x) and r(x) continuous functions in x. The function r(x) is called the source term; if r(x)=0 then the linear differential equation is called homogeneous, otherwise it is called non-homogeneous or inhomogeneous. Solutions Given a differential equation a function u: I à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ R à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ R is called the solution or integral curve for F, if u is n-times differentiable on I, and Given two solutions u: J à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ R à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ R and v: I à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ R à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ R, u is called an extension of v if I à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ J and A solution which has no extension is called a global solution. Terminology Partial differential equations These are equations which involves more than one independent variable. For instance: Partial differential equations(PDE) are significantly more difficult than ODE, and we wont talk about it at this moment. Order Order of a differential equations is the order of the highest derivative in the equation. Order 1: Order 2: Degree The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest derivative in the equation. Degree 1: Degree 2: Separable 1st order ODE If the ODE is in the following form, the solution can be found using integration easily: Example:- In the study of partial differentiation, recall that a function of two variables that equals a constant, describes the points in the 3-D plane with the same potential; . The curves that connect the points with the same potential are called level curves and have the value of c. A contour map is a level curve graph where common elevations are connected giving a 2-D representation of a 3-D reality. Using a LiveMath 3-D graph theory you can plot such a function along with the level curves describing the contours associated with that function. The picture below uses the following function to demonstrate this (here is a LiveMath plug-in animation of the graph below). In general terms, this type of equation is represented by the following: It describes the level curves and is the solution to the following differential equation. The equation below is just the total derivative of the function above. Because it is the total derivative of some function z(x,y) it is called an Exact Differential Equation. To help understand how to solve these types of equations you will look at the solution first and then analyze how to back into that solution. In this example you will take the total derivative of a function and analyze its parts. Then you will take this new equation (a differential equation now) and, knowing the answer, describe the method used to solve it. Input the following equation: To take a total derivative in LiveMath, first input the differential operator d times z (d*z). Input this into a second Prop and substitute the equation into it. Collect common terms on the RHS and Expand the coefficients of the differentials for the final answer. After setting the RHS equal to zero you will have a differential equation to solve. Notice how the coefficients are neither separable, homogeneous, nor are they linear. To help analyze this equation, label the coefficient of dx as M and the coefficient of dy as N. Both are functions of x and y so place the equation in the following form. The total derivative of a function is obtained by adding the partial derivatives of the coefficients. This is done with the equation below. Set up our notebook in the following manner: Perform the substitutions to give the partial derivatives. we can see that differential equations of this type are Exact. They are immediate derivatives of another function. You know this is true in this example because you developed the equation below by taking the derivative of the original function. we can describe an Exact Differential Equation as an equation whose dx coefficient is the partial derivative with respect to x of some function f(x,y) and whose dy coefficient is the partial derivative with respect to y of the SAME function. Since you dry-labed the last example you know what this equation, z=f(x,y), is. This will not be the case as you look to solve these problems though, so you need to find a way of determining that an equation is exact, then you will know that M and N are related to the solution equation in this way! Using the fact that these partial derivatives are of the same function will be the key to the method used to solve these equations. To test a differential equation for exactness, follow the method described in the next example. Test for Exactness This example demonstrates the test for exactness of the same equation used in the previous example. First input the differential equation as shown below. Remember to include an Independence Declaration inside the same case theory the test is performed. To test for exactness, equate the partial derivative with respect to y of M and the partial derivative with respect to x of N. Notice that these partials are with respect to the exact opposite variables as those used to determine the total derivative in the last example. The reason for this will become clear to you later when you derive this test. Set up the partial derivatives and solve by substituting M and N into the partial derivative Ops. The fact that they are equal means that the differential equation is exact! Method of Solution: To solve these types of equations you will need to take one or the other coefficient and go backwards to determine the solution. You can take either M or N to do this, it is up to you. For this example try using M. Solution Method First, set up an equation equating the unknown function, named , to an integral of M plus some unknown function of y. Call this function u for the time being. The reason you do this is the fact that to get M, the partial derivative was taken of the unknown function with respect to x. You will try to back into the answer by integrating M. This is not automatic though, because of the fact that when a partial derivative is performed, one of the variables is treated as a constant and therefore drops out (the derivative of a constant is = 0). Below this derivative is displayed again. We will not get back the function by integrating M, because the y term is not there! It is the constant, as is shown below where you try to get the function back by integrating M. This is very close to the answer, and with a little twist, will lead to a method that you will use to obtain the solution. Input the following props and perform the substitutions as shown. The user defined variable u is used in this case, rather than the arbitrary constant c, because you are actually looking for, what you might call, an arbitrary function. It will also be necessary later to have u defined as a variable for LiveMath to solve for the function. Now we have a potential function (), that represents the solution to the problem. To solve, the function u must be determined. If you take the partial derivative of the unknown function with respect to y this time, you will get N. By setting up the equation this way, you can then isolate u. You already know what N is, so: Next substitute the potential function into the Prop and solve for u by performing an integration. The final solution is achieved by substituting this u Prop back into the function . Since this function describes level curves, it is set equal to a constant c. The question remains, why do you take partial derivatives of M and N to determine if an equation is exact? M and N have been defined as the partial derivatives of z with respect to x and y respectively. By taking the second partial derivative of each coefficient WITH RESPECT TO THE OPPOSITE VARIABLE, the LHS of both of these equations is equal and therefore the RHS are equal too.

Bladerunner - Humanity And Nature Essays -- essays research papers

The central theme of Bladerunner is the relationship between humanity and nature. More specifically it has a purpose in showing how science can negatively influence this fragile relationship. Set in Los Angeles of 2019 we see the decadence of western society into an inhumane harsh impersonal, technology-dominated realm. The inhabitants who fight for their daily survival are in desperate want for nature, contact with which is denied to them by the unrestricted scientific progress and the consequent exploitation of the natural world conducted for the sole purpose of profit. Humanity is also losing touch with it’s own nature. The compassion, the empathy, the love and the emotion are all rare or absent. This ailing relationship between humanity and nature is conveyed through the means of scene setting, dialogue, plot, camera techniques and other film features. All these elements of cinematography synthesise to create an effective portrayal of the unifying theme. In Bladerunner the most prominent element of cinematography is mise en scà ©ne. It generates a context for the film and therefore makes the plot and themes acceptable. To set an appropriate scene different variables need to be controlled. These variables include location, props, lighting and colour. In general the location of the plot is in the vast urban canyons of 2019 LA. The imposing dark buildings, the dirty fog, perpetual rain and the crowded dark streets devoid of vegetation make up the backdrop of most scenes. All this is filmed in dark lighting, which complements the effect produced by the fog in obscuring the living details. From this the responder acknowledges the deterioration of society, the harsh conditions that the humans are subjected to and the way the human spirit itself is progressively destroyed under such conditions. Filming such a location at night provides the director with the opportunity to use chiaroscuro (a technique of strong contrast) to further convey the dominance of technology over humanity. For example in outdoor scenes the garish flickering neons are obtrusively visible but they fail to illuminate the obscure, dark, fogged surroundings, including the multitudes of faceless people. The prominent visibility of artificial things over human presence together with the qualities of the location indicates the degradation of human life under the rule of science. The clothing w... ...he development of characters and their response to the events of the plot, Ridley Scott and the actors communicate the way relationship between humanity and nature has evolved (deteriorated) into the world of 2019 LA. In effect all the techniques mentioned above portray a society of individuals who are weary of the world they live in. They are rejects who lead a pitiful existence in a wasteland called earth because they are not fit enough to go the out-world colonies. Suppressing their own natural instincts for the sake of physically surviving they really the walking dead. Scientific progress conducted not for the best interests of humanity but for the best interests of business has effectively brought about the progressive degradation of society. By exploiting and destroying the natural world human can no more find solace or beauty so as to recuperate their weary minds and rekindle their dying spirits. In summary the techniques that are unique to film such as camera, lighting, costuming, colour and location works in conjunction with common literary techniques such as visual symbolism, irony and characterisation to effectively convey the relationship between humanity and nature.

Rural Public Health Analysis Health And Social Care Essay

Current State of the ProblemBackground: The population of rural Texas is about 3,060,392 which is about 8 % of the entire Texas population ( 25,145,561 ) . Harmonizing to the US nose count Bureau about 70.4 per centum of province ‘s population is white, 11.8 per centum is Afro-american, 3.8 per centum is Asiatic, and 37.6 per centum is Hispanic ( 2010 ) . There are about 4044 infirmaries in Texas and merely a mere 149 of them are located in rural countries ( 3 ) . Although the rural communities of Texas have 499 exigency medical bureaus and 303 accredited suppliers and 193 first respondent organisations but still about 21 counties are deprived of accredited exigency medical service organisation in their countries and merely 32 % ( 161 ) infirmaries are located in rural counties ( 10 ) . The rural countries are confronting a possible ruin with regard to exigency services. This public wellness issue is originating as a consequence of scarceness of exigency medical trained staff, unequal fiscal resources, outdated medical equipment usage and supply, geographic barriers, communicating spreads. The comparative hazard for decease from motor vehicle clang in rural countries is 15 times higher than urban countries, adjusted for gender, age and type of clang and 40 per centum higher hurt related deceases in rural countries than urban countries ( 6 ) . These statistics reflect the grade of demand of quality exigency attention services in rural countries. Physician Recruitment and Retention Problem: The 2001 study by the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners stated there are a sum of 196 rural Texas counties out of which 24 counties had no doctors, 22 had two doctors and 19 of them had merely one doctor. A study showed that the urban countries have 11 times higher figure of physician when compared to rural countries ( Texas State Board of Medical Examiners, 2003 ) . In rural Emergency Department, there are a greater figure of primary attention doctors on contract or impermanent doctors than exigency medical specialty trained doctors functioning merely a little community. Rural countries are confronting jobs such as most of Emergency medical managers are non trained in exigency medical specialty which worsens the state of affairs besides lead to staffing job. This is chiefly happening as a consequence of deficiency of fiscal resources and specialised doctors choosing to acquire employed in urban countries than rural communities. Other Problem is medical malpractice liability insurances in rural countries of Texas particularly in Rio Grande Grade Valley and the South Texas ( 4 ) . Trained Staff deficit: Rural Emergency services have deficit of EMS professionals and about one tierce of rural exigency medical forces voluntary. About 57 to 90 per centum voluntaries are first respondents in rural countries ( 4 ) . These voluntaries may non be available round the clock and are non to the full trained to manage complex instances. This forms a major challenge for EMS because most of them are non medical professionals ( 10 ) . If we compare counties on footing of advanced life support capableness so merely 5 counties have that installation and 22 counties have basic support organisations and 45 out of 131 counties have first respondent organisations ( 10 ) . It is difficult to supply exigency attention services for low volume population with unequal fiscal resources, deficiency of trained staff and basic medical equipment. Some EMS organisations still use manual defibrillators and are non equipped with all diagnostic machinery. Harmonizing to DHHS, Texas has 3106 lice nsed land ambulances out of the lone 22 % are for rural countries ( 10 ) .Geographic barriers:One of the most of import property that effects entree to wellness attention in rural countries is the big distance between abodes and services. The ability to transverse these distances becomes imperative in obtaining wellness attention. Most of the rural occupants refrain from seeking medical services because of the clip and money they have to pass in acquiring treated for a peculiar disease. Language Barrier: In South Texas peculiarly at U.S-Mexico cad part, linguistic communication barrier is another job faced by rural EMS. More than 20 percent population in rural Texas is bilingual and Spanish speech production population ( 10 ) . Resources Allocation Problem: Reason for less exigency medical professional are low wages, longer displacements, and geographic unavailability. The rural communities largely rely on the basic exigency service suppliers and voluntary first respondents. EMS is dearly-won in rural countries compare to urban countries because they cover larger country. They largely get low net income so hold to trust on unpaid staff. Since most of the first respondents work voluntary so they can non afford long distance travel for exigency. Trauma-Related Injuries and Deaths: Harmonizing to the Texas Department of Health ‘s Bureau of Emergency Management, in Texas about day-to-day 30 people die because of trauma-related hurts. Trauma is one of the taking cause of deceases among age groups 1 to 44yrs. 11,898 people died from hurt in Texas and in that 68.8 per centum were unwilled deceases ( 4 ) ( 2002 ) . From surveies, if terrible injured patient receive intervention from injury centre will hold better opportunity of endurance ( 2 ) . The above statistics reflect that injury are one of the major causes of deceases which call for immediate attending peculiarly in rural countries.Golden Hour and Response Time:‘Golden Hour ‘ is the term used for the first hr after incident happens. A patient receiving intervention within this first hr of incident has greater opportunities of endurance. A victim ‘s life would be jeopardized if the waiting clip is increased for more than 30 proceedingss. The rural cou ntries have mean response clip 18 proceedingss and for urban countries it is 8 proceedingss lesser than rural country ( 5 ) . A five twelvemonth survey in Arkansas rural county, 72 per centum deceases occur at scene because of delayed intervention. Response clip for urban country is 7 min. and for rural country its 13.6 proceedingss and so transit clip is 17.2 min and for urban its 8 proceedingss ( 11 ) . Most of deceases from injury in rural countries occur even before hospitalization. Harmonizing to Bureau of Emergency Management at Texas Department of Health, the preventable decease rate in rural countries is about 85 % higher in rural countries as compared to their urban opposite numbers. Harmonizing to Vermont and New York metropolis survey, the paediatric injury decease instances is twice in rural countries compared to urban countries ( 11 ) . The information of Texas Department of Health Bureau of Epidemiology ( Texas DSHS ) shows that rural countries have a response clip up to 2 hours and 16 proceedingss and conveyance clip to infirmary was 2 hours and 12 proceedingss. 157 of 254 counties of Texas have response clip of about 10 proceedingss and for 151 counties transport clip is greater than 20 proceedingss ( 2002 ) ( 10 ) . A study conducted by the National Highway Transportation Administration showed a important difference of 98 % in the response clip for exigency services between rural and urban countries ( 15 ) . This has been illustrated in the figure belowThe graph clearly indicates the trouble in accessing transit services and waiting clip in the rural infirmaries.Medicare and Medicaid:Other job is uninsured population ; about 25 per centum of Texas Population was uninsured in 2002 ( 4 ) . A bulk of rural occupants are financially weak and are less likely to hold insurance coverage than urban occupants. This suggests that the rural population will confront greater resource restraints in accessing attention. Rural occupants tend to hold lower incomes, and are normally freelance as husbandmans. Besides the concern houses in rural countries are smaller in size and the insurance benefits provided by the employers are less likely to cover the standard wellness attention services. Hence, it is more like ly that we can happen greater uninsured or underinsured population in these countries and when it comes to accessing medical services they have to pass a immense sum compared to urban population. Rural populations have more ageing population so they require more immediate and effectual exigency services. In 2001, Texas was top ranked for unsalaried attention to gross patient gross ( 4 ) .Equipment and installation Problems:From 2002 Texas Department of Health reported 61 Texas counties have no infirmaries, 105 had one infirmary and 26 counties had two infirmaries ( 4 ) . In 2002 Texas Hospital Association conducted Emergency Care Issues Survey and found that 72 % of rural installations had issues reassigning the patients and directing ambulances because of deficiency of beds. Harmonizing to Texas Department of Health, there are 131 trauma centres have basic Level IV installations in Texas State. Level IV injury is basic exigency service, normally they lack in equipment and trained staff. Most of accidents occur on rural roads because of high velocity, inefficient usage of place belts, intoxicant ingestion. The hold in reassigning the patients to infirmaries leads to complicat ions like pneumonia, sepsis and multi-organ failure. Since the rural exigency medical services have deficit of trained staff most of the rural exigency services are working over their capacity therefore endangering the quality of services.Review of Current Policies Affecting the SubjectFederal Policies:The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act was approved by U.S in 1986. This act ensures that the entree to exigency medical attention would non be dependent on individual ‘s economic ability ( 4 ) . With the execution of this Act many uninsured and underserved population got entree to exigency medical services. National Highway Safety Administration created the EMS to diminish traffic related deceases ( Mead, 1998 ) . The Highway Safety Act 4 was passed in the twelvemonth 1996 which resulted in the formation of EMS and in 1967 EMS began officially. After constitution of EMS, there was a important decrease in the mortality rate from injury related deceases. The rural countries are less dumbly populated and at long distance from the degree I and II injury installations. So Balance Budget Act ( BBA ) in 1997 modified the compensation policies by adding Medicare ambulance fee agenda and besides started Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Program to back up little infirmaries in rural communities to exchange into Critical Access Hospitals ( CAH ) ( 12 ) . CAH helped to beef up the EMS in rural countries. This was the attempt to better the quality, entree to exigency medical services to better rural wellness system. The Federal Office of Rural Health Policy ( FORHP ) Grant plan provides the resources to prolong the betterments to rural EMS systems ( 12 ) . National Association of State EMS Officials ( NASEMSO ) and National Organization of State Offices of Rural Health ( NOSORH ) formed Joint Committee on Rural Emergency Care in 2009 ( 13 ) . This commission serves to implement the policies to supply seasonably, low-cost and high quality exigency medical services in rural countries. Healthy people ( HP ) act 2010 was an enterprise which was developed to better the quality of wellness attention services and entree to exigency medical services in rural countries ( 11 ) . Texas is portion of federal plan for enlisting and keeping of medical professionals in Texas rural countries ( 4 ) . With all federal attempts there is range to better the EMS in rural Texas. But still increased attempts are needed to better the quality of EMS in rural countries. Other plans which are working to better the exigency attention services in rural countries are The Rural Health Care Services Outreach Grant Program, The Rural Health Network Development Grant Program, The Rural Health Network Development Planning Grant Program, The Small Rural Hospital Improvement Program, Grants for Policy-Oriented Rural Health Services Research, The Rural Health Research Grant Program, Public Access Defibrillation Demonstration Projects Grant Program, The Rural Emergency Medical Service Training and Equipment Assistance Program, The Rural Health Best Practices and Community Development Cooperative Agreement Program etc. ( 4 )State Policies:The 77th Legislature passed House Bill 7 in 2001 and formed Office of Rural Community Affairs. It provided funding for many plans to better entree to rural wellness attention. It provides fundss to plans like Critical Access Hospital Board Training Reimbursement, Critical Access Hospital Designation, Critical Access Hospital Feasibility Study Grant, Critical Access Hospital Feasibility Study Grant, Access to Emergency Dev ices Grants, Capital Improvement Loan Fund, Small Rural Hospital Improvement Program, Rural Communities Healthcare Investment Loan Reimbursement Program, Rural Physician Relief Program, Medically Underserved Community, Rural Recruitment and Retention Initiative, Outstanding Rural Scholar Recognition Program and Texas Health Service Corps Program. The 78th Texas legislative assembly passed an act in November 2002 to cover with jobs like unequal support issues, inaccessibility of EMS system and deficit of doctor ( 4 ) . There is no entirely federal and province plan for injury services. Both the federal and province authoritiess are working in a synchronism to supply grants for injury attention, EMS suppliers and first respondents to better and prolong the quality of EMS services in the rural countries. In 2003, new history for EMS was created in 78th Texas Legislature. A $ 100 mulct was imposed for poisoning related offenses and the money was deposited in this history ( 4 ) . Fifty per centum of that money is allocated for local Emergency Medical Services, no more than twenty per centum is for Rural Assistance Clinics for 22 TSAs, 27 per centum is for unsalaried injury attention installations and three per centum is for administrative cost for Bureau of Emergency Management ( 4 ) . State resources are non equal to for enlistin g and keeping of wellness attention professionals, better exigency medical equipment and keep the quality of EMS in rural countries of Texas. Most of federal and province rural wellness policies and plans rely on nose count Bureau information and bounds set by the OMB, ERS, agency, and HRSA for country of appellation such as urban and rural, metro and non tube or frontier ( 4 ) . The agency of Health Professional National Center for Health Workforce Analysis of Health Resources and Services Administration has criterions to sort certain geographic countries and population groups into a wellness professional deficit country ( HPSA ) or medically underserved country or Population ( MUA/MUP ) . Harmonizing to this study, Texas has 100 HPSA in non tube or frontier parts and in those 60 seven counties, 20 nine are population groups and three comprehensive wellness centres and one Rural Health Clinic ( 4 ) . As per the Bureau of Emergency Management has administered presently 131 as Level IV ( basic ) injury installations, 36 as Level III ( general ) injury installations, 9 as Level II ( major ) injury installations, and 12 installations designated, as degree I ( comprehensive ) injury installations, . In 1997 Senate Bill 102 approved the regular session, 75th Texas Legislature and provided the EMS/Trauma attention system impermanent fund. Permanent resources provided by 76th Texas Legislature for EMS, with the money from the baccy judicial proceeding colony ( 4 ) .Federal and State Programs:Plans like Statewide Rural Health Care System provided by Texas Department of Insurance to rural population aids in supplying insurance coverage for exigency attention. The School-based Health Centers plan is offered by Texas Department of Health for rural country where there is a lack of medical professionals. Besides Rural Emergency Medical Services Scholarship Incentive plan is provided by the Center for Rural Health Initiatives for rural countries holding a population of less than 50,000 which are non designated as metropolitan statistical country and they besides have community scholarship plan for nonmetropolitan Texas rural countries. The Office of Rural Community Affairs have Rural Health Facility Capital Improvement plan is for 150,000 populated rural countries and other plans like Outstanding Rural Scholar Recognition and loan Program for Rural Health Care, Rural Physician Recruitment Program and Rural Physician Relief Program. The Bureau of Emergency Management has Temporary Exemptions for Rural EMS which covers 50,000 or less populated rural countries. ( 4 )